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目的了解河北省工矿企业员工的职业紧张状况。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,以河北省15家工矿企业3 651名员工为调查对象,采用职业紧张自评法和《付出-回报失衡量表》对其职业紧张状况进行问卷调查。结果调查对象职业紧张自评得分中位数为6.0分,自评为中、高度职业紧张的检出率分别为71.2%(2 599/3 651)和14.5%(528/3 651)。付出-回报比值中位数为0.6,高度职业紧张状态检出率为26.0%(950/3 651)。职业紧张自评得分和付出-回报比值在不同性别、文化程度、月平均收入、企业规模、经济类型及行业员工间分别比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。调查对象自评为高度职业紧张检出率低于高度职业紧张状态检出率(P<0.01);职业紧张自评得分与付出-回报比值存在正相关(P<0.01)。结论工矿企业员工存在一定程度的职业紧张;应针对重点人群采取相应干预措施,以改善其职业紧张状况。
Objective To understand the occupational stress in industrial and mining enterprises in Hebei Province. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to survey 3 651 employees of 15 industrial and mining enterprises in Hebei Province. Tensorial occupational stress was surveyed by occupational stress self assessment and pay-return unbalance scale. Results The survey found that the median self-assessment scores of occupational stress were 6.0 points and the self-rated medium and high occupational stress were 71.2% (2 599/3 651) and 14.5% (528/3 651) respectively. The median return-to-pay ratio was 0.6, and the rate of high occupational stress was 26.0% (950/3 651). Occupational stress self-assessment score and pay-return ratio in different genders, educational level, monthly average income, business size, economic type and industry staff, respectively, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The rate of self-rated self-assessment of occupational stress was lower than that of high occupational stress (P <0.01). There was a positive correlation between occupational stress scores and pay-return ratio (P <0.01). Conclusion Workers in industrial and mining enterprises have a certain degree of occupational stress. Corresponding intervention measures should be taken for key populations so as to improve their occupational stress.