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【目的】绥农14是目前中国推广面积最大的大豆品种,该品种由17个亲本经5次杂交而成,其中包括5个祖先亲本和2个国外种质。对绥农14系谱亲本的遗传关系进行深入研究,为大豆育种的亲本选择提供理论依据。【方法】用分布于大豆基因组的550个SSR位点结合系谱分析的方法研究绥农14系谱亲本间的遗传关系。【结果】利用Treecon(Neighbour-joining方法)对绥农14系谱亲本进行聚类,发现绥农14系谱亲本随培育时期不同而聚在不同类别,与亲本来源及组合方式存在一定的关系。分析绥农14系谱中遗传物质的传递,发现在12.97%的位点上子代拥有与父母本均不相同的等位变异,品种育成年代越早这种现象越明显。47.72%的位点能够追溯到亲本来源,除绥农14接受父母本遗传物质相当外,其它4个品种均有偏亲现象,来自父本的遗传物质多于母本。经过5代的遗传重组,绥农14的遗传物质与祖先亲本相比已发生了很大的改变。【结论】绥农14及其系谱亲本的遗传关系反映了品种更新换代的特征及组合方式的变化,研究表明SSR不仅能用来分析系谱亲本间的遗传关系也可以有效地用来分析遗传物质在系谱中的传递。
【Objective】 Suinong 14 is the largest popularized soybean in China at present. It is made up of 5 hybrids from 17 parents, including 5 ancestral parents and 2 foreign germplasms. The genetic relationship of Suining 14 pedigree parents was deeply studied, which provided the theoretical basis for the selection of parents of soybean breeding. 【Method】 The genetic relationship among parents of Suining 14 pedigree was studied by using 55 SSR loci distributed in the soybean genome combined with pedigree analysis. 【Result】 Clustering of Suinong 14 pedigree parents by Treecon (Neighbor-joining method) showed that the parents of Suinong 14 pedigree clustered in different categories with different incubation periods, which had some relations with their parental origin and combination patterns. The analysis of the transmission of genetic material in Suining 14 pedigree showed that at 12.97% of the loci, the offspring had the same allelic variation as the parents, and the earlier the breed was, the more obvious the phenomenon was. 47.72% of the loci can be traced back to the parental origin, except that Suining 14 received the same genetic material as the parents, while the other 4 cultivars had the phenomenon of partiality and more genetic material from the male parent than the female parent. After 5 generations of genetic recombination, the genetic material of Suinong 14 has undergone great changes compared with its ancestral parents. 【Conclusion】 The genetic relationship between Suinong 14 and its pedigree parents reflects the characteristics of the breed replacement and the change of combination methods. Studies have shown that SSR can not only be used to analyze the genetic relationship between pedigree parents, but also can be effectively used to analyze the genetic material in Genealogical transmission.