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围绕着近年来缓/控释氮肥在主要粮食作物(小麦、玉米)上的应用展开综述。从小麦和玉米适用的缓/控释氮肥类型、缓/控释氮肥对作物产量和肥料利用率、土壤理化性状及耕作方式、环境效应等方面进行分析,较全面的总结了施用缓/控释氮肥对小麦、玉米作物及土壤、环境的影响,并对未来粮食生产的可能影响进行剖析。分析发现不同类型缓/控释氮肥能不同程度提高小麦和玉米产量或保证稳产;合理施用缓/控释氮肥能够提高氮肥料利用率、降低土壤氮素累积、减少氮素损失;提高土壤微生物量和酶的活性;减少温室气体排放及降低地下水体的硝酸盐污染;并指出缓/控释氮肥在生产成本、应用效果评价体系、市场占有率等方面存在的问题。针对研究现状存在的不足,对今后的研究提出展望。
The application of slow / controlled release nitrogen fertilizers on major food crops (wheat and corn) is reviewed in recent years. Based on the types of slow / controlled release nitrogen and slow / controlled release nitrogen applied to wheat and corn, the effects of slow / controlled release of nitrogen on crop yield and fertilizer utilization, soil physical and chemical properties, tillage methods and environmental effects were summarized. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat, Corn Crops and Soil, and Environment, and Analysis of Possible Impacts of Future Grain Production. The results showed that different types of slow / controlled release nitrogen fertilizers could increase the yield of wheat and maize to a certain extent or ensure stable production. Rational application of slow / controlled release nitrogen fertilizers could increase the utilization of nitrogen fertilizers, reduce soil nitrogen accumulation, decrease nitrogen loss and increase soil microbial biomass And enzyme activity; reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce nitrate pollution of groundwater bodies; and pointed out the slow / controlled release of nitrogen fertilizer production costs, application effect evaluation system, market share and other problems. In view of the shortcomings of the research status quo, the future research is put forward.