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20世纪80年代,新经济社会学在美国复兴,直接向经济学的核心领域“企业”和“市场”发起了挑战,重点关注经济行为的社会建构,确立了“网络分析范式”的霸主地位。但是,主流学者却只关注了网络中的人类行动者,而忽视了网络中的非人类行动者。与主流学者不同的是,近年来在法国兴起的述行学派的“行动者网络理论”对“行动者”的定义是广义的,既包括人类,也包括非人类,二者被统一于“异质性的复杂网络”中。但是,非人类行动者没有能动性,他们之间是怎么样相互连接和相互作用的呢?“行动者网络理论”通过人类行动者的“转义者”身份来实现非人类行动者的能动性,即人类行动者不停地把非人类行动者用自己的思维模式和语言转换出来,而且当人类行动者转译非人类行动者的角色时,人类行动者和非人类行动者就互相交织,构建起了一个动态的、演变的、不可分隔的行动者网络。因此,市场不是独立的人类一元行动者的结果,而是人类和非人类多元行动者共同建构的结果。所以,关注人类行动者和非人类行动者的“新新经济社会学”近年来在西方悄然兴起,未来可能成为掀起经济社会学领域研究的新一轮方法论热潮。
In the 1980s, the new socio-economic renaissance in the United States directly challenged the core areas of economics “enterprise ” and “market ”, focusing on the social construction of economic behavior and establishing the “network analysis paradigm ”Dominance. However, mainstream scholars have focused only on human actors in the network, while ignoring non-human actors on the network. Different from the mainstream scholars, the definition of “actor ” in the theory of the “network of actors” that has emerged in France in recent years has been broadly defined, including both human beings and non-human beings. Unify in “Heterogeneous complex network ”. However, non-human actors are not motivated and how do they interact and interact with each other? “Actuarial Network Theory ” Realizing non-human actors through the “translator” status of human actors , That is, human actors keep switching non-human actors in their own thinking mode and language, and when human actors translate the roles of non-human actors, human actors and non-human actors are intertwined , Building a dynamic, evolving and inseparable network of actors. Therefore, the market is not the result of an independent human unary actor, but a result of the co-construction of diverse human and non-human actors. Therefore, the “new new socio-economic studies” focusing on human agents and non-human actors have quietly risen in the West in recent years, and the future may be a new round of methodological wave that has set off research in the field of economic sociology.