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目的:分析肺结核合并糖尿病患者吸烟、饮酒及户外运动、开窗通风等行为习惯,探讨其与疾病发生的关系。方法:采用横断面调查方法,选取2011年11月-2013年12月青岛市某医院确诊的284例肺结核合并糖尿病患者,经由统一培训的调查员对患者进行问卷调查,收集上述患者首次确诊治疗前的基本情况(年龄、性别、身高、体重、血压)、饮酒、吸烟及相关行为习惯(户外运动、开窗通风、熬夜)进行分析。结果:284例肺结核合并糖尿病患者中,67.3%的患者均有吸烟史。其中,吸烟史30年以上者例数最多,占57.6%,20~29年占24.6%,10~19年占11.0%;吸烟程度分析显示,重度吸烟者占74.3%,中度吸烟8.9%,轻度吸烟16.8%。35.9%的患者有饮酒史,其中,饮酒史30年以上者人数最多,为58.8%,其次20~29年为27.5%,再次10~19年为9.8%,最少为饮酒史<10年,占3.9%。每天户外运动时间≤2 h例数最多,占60.2%,>2 h占22.2%,不户外运动占17.6%。开窗通风情况分析显示,开窗每日>2 h者占56.3%,每日≤2 h者占34.2%,每日≤0.5 h者为7.7%,1.8%的研究对象没有开窗习惯。多数患者不熬夜(59.5%),偶尔熬夜的占29.2%,经常熬夜占11.3%。结论:肺结核合并糖尿病患者大多有吸烟史,且重度吸烟情况较多见,户外运动不足,部分患者未养成良好的开窗通风习惯。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the habits of smoking, drinking, outdoor exercise and window ventilation in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with diabetes mellitus, and to explore their relationship with the occurrence of the disease. Methods: A total of 284 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus diagnosed in a hospital in Qingdao from November 2011 to December 2013 were selected. A questionnaire survey was conducted by the investigators who underwent uniform training to collect the patients before the first diagnosis and treatment (Age, sex, height, weight, blood pressure), alcohol consumption, smoking and related behavioral habits (outdoor exercise, window ventilation, staying up late) for analysis. RESULTS: Among 284 patients with tuberculosis and diabetes, 67.3% had smoking history. Among them, smoking history of 30 years or more the largest number of cases, accounting for 57.6%, 20-29 years accounted for 24.6%, 10-19 years accounted for 11.0%; smoking degree analysis showed that heavy smokers accounted for 74.3%, moderate smoking 8.9% Mild smoking 16.8%. 35.9% of the patients had a history of alcohol consumption, of which drinking history was the highest for more than 30 years, 58.8%, followed by 27.5% for 20-29 and 9.8% again for 10-19 years, with a minimum history of drinking <10 years, accounting for 3.9%. The daily outdoor exercise time ≤ 2 h was the highest, accounting for 60.2%, 22.2% for> 2 h and 17.6% for no outdoor exercise. Window ventilation analysis showed that the daily fenestration> 2 h accounted for 56.3%, daily ≤ 2 h accounted for 34.2%, daily ≤ 0.5 h was 7.7%, 1.8% of the subjects without windowing habits. Most patients do not stay up late (59.5%), occasionally stay up late accounted for 29.2%, often up late accounted for 11.3%. Conclusion: Most patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes have a history of smoking, and severe smoking is more common, lack of outdoor exercise, some patients did not develop good habits of window ventilation.