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中国农村发展过程中有许多的障碍,土地问题属于比较关键的一个。在当下整个土地制度中,最基本的是解决农业市场化与小生产方式的冲突。各地的土地流转试点经验给出了解决这一问题的方法:完善农村土地流转制度。根据人类经济发展经验,对经济增长起决定性作用的是制度性因素而非技术性因素。所以在建设法治中国进程中,解决三农问题的核心是实现制度创新,也即法律创新。十八届三中全会以后中国围绕着农村耕地进行着相关配套的改革以适应我国新形势的发展。《决定》提出“赋予农民对承包地占有、使用、收益、流转及承包经营权抵押、担保权能”。这就为我国的土地承包经营权抵押流转提供了政策依据,不仅可以健全城乡发展一体化体制机制,破除现有法律体系中对农村财产的歧视性规定,更赋予且保障了农民享有更多财产权利。
There are many obstacles in the development of China’s rural areas. The issue of land belongs to the more crucial one. In the current entire land system, the most basic solution is to resolve the conflict between the marketization of agriculture and the mode of small-scale production. The experience of pilot land transfer throughout the country gives a solution to this problem: improving rural land transfer system. According to the experience of human economic development, the decisive role for economic growth is institutional rather than technical. Therefore, in building the rule of law in China, the core of solving the issue of agriculture, countryside and farmers is to realize institutional innovation, that is, legal innovation. After the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, China carried out relevant supporting reforms around rural cultivated land to adapt to the new situation in our country. “Decision” put forward “to give farmers the right to occupy, use, benefit, circulate and contractual management rights of the contracted land, and the security right”. This provides a policy basis for the mortgage transfer of land contractual management right in our country. It can not only improve the integrated institutional mechanism of urban and rural development, dispel the discriminatory provisions of rural property in the existing legal system, but also give and guarantee more peasants enjoy more property right.