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MICA基因(major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A)是MIC基因家族的一个成员,Tom’Spie的研究小组于1994年首先报道了这种MHC-Ⅰ类相关基因家族。MIC是位于MHC-Ⅲ类基因区长度为的2MB的免疫功能相关基因,包括MICA、MICB、MICC、MICD、MICE、MICF和MICG,其中MICA及MICB为功能基因,其余为假基因。MIC基因与经典MHC-I类基因具有较高的同源性,其分子结构与经典MHC-Ⅰ类分子有30%的同源性,但功能不同。国外大量临床实验及研究表明,在兼顾经典HLA配型的同时,如果MICA基因亦匹配,器官移植后受体生存率将明显提高。
The MICA gene (major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene A) is a member of the MIC gene family, Tom’s pie team first reported in 1994 this MHC-I-related gene family. MICs are 2MB immune-related genes located in the MHC-class III region, including MICA, MICB, MICC, MICD, MICE, MICF and MICG, with MICA and MICB as functional genes and the rest as pseudogenes. The MIC gene has high homology with the classical MHC class I gene, and its molecular structure has 30% homology with that of the classical MHC class I molecule, but its function is different. A large number of foreign clinical trials and studies show that, taking into account the classic HLA matching at the same time, if the MICA genes are also matched, organ transplant recipients survival rate will be significantly increased.