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晶状体的代谢过程同时受到损伤和保护因素的影响。随着年龄增加,当损伤因素逐渐占优势时,晶状体开始呈现老龄化的表现。晶状体的损伤机制除了氧化损伤和紫外线辐射,近年来更多关注的是凋亡、钙蛋白酶等分子机制的研究;而其保护机制则主要与小分子热休克蛋白的抗蛋白质聚集、抗细胞凋亡及对细胞骨架结构的保护有关,此外还有端粒酶、雌激素、抗氧化酶及微量元素等的保护作用。要延缓晶状体的老化过程,应从增强保护减少损伤的角度入手。
The lens’s metabolism is affected both by injury and by protective factors. As the age increases, as the damaging factor gradually dominates, the lens begins to age. In addition to oxidative damage and ultraviolet radiation, the mechanisms of lens injury are more concerned with the molecular mechanism of apoptosis and calpain in recent years. The mechanism of its protection is mainly related to the anti-protein aggregation of small molecule heat shock proteins and anti-apoptosis And the protection of cytoskeleton structure, in addition to telomerase, estrogen, antioxidant enzymes and trace elements such as the protective effect. To delay the aging process of the lens, we should start from the perspective of enhancing the protection and reducing the damage.