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古河道是河流在迁徙改道过程中所遗留下来的废弃河道。广义地说,它包括古河床上的河漫滩和河道两部分。例如1855年铜瓦厢决口改道以前的废黄河就是由古河漫滩和古河槽组成的,统称为古河道。古河道在时间上包括了地质时期和历史时期的古河道,历史时期的古河道有人也称之为故河道,如黄河故道。古河道在空间上包括了被地面物质或水面覆盖以及裸露地表的古河道两大类。已被埋藏的古河道深可达数米以至数十米。
Ancient river is the river in the process of migration diversion left over by the abandoned river. Broadly speaking, it includes the flood plain and river course in ancient river bed. For example, in 1855, the copper wastewash burst before the diversion of the Yellow River was composed of the ancient flood plain and the ancient river trough, collectively referred to as the ancient river. The ancient river course includes the ancient river course in geologic time and historical period, and the ancient river course in historical period is also called the ancient river course, such as the old course of the Yellow River. The ancient river course includes two major categories of ancient rivers which are covered by surface material or water surface and bare surface. Ancient river has been buried deep up to several meters and tens of meters.