视觉系统的神经网络是由许多神经元通过突触联系而形成的。遗传因素为年幼个体的突触联系奠定了良好的基础，而网络中的突触联系又是在内、外界环境因素的影响下，不断地发育和完善，因而突触联系便有了可塑性和敏感期，而且与一些疾病(如：弱视)的发病机理密切相关。随着电生理(尤其是膜片钳方法)和分子生物学技术的迅猛发展，近年来对这些课题进行了更深入的研究，本文综述国内外在这方面的一些新观念和所取得的新成果。“,”Neural network in visual system consists of many neurons through synaptic connections. Genetic factors had well the fundamental synaptic connections in juvenile individuals, however, these synapses have been pro-gressively modifying and perfecting, so the connections of synapses have plasticity, which occurs during the sensitive period of visual development. The plasticity is also related closely with pathogenesis of some diseases (e.g. amblyopia). Following the rapidly developing of electrophysiological (especially the patch-clamp methods) and molecular-biological techniques, this subject has being studied widely. In this short review, the progress of the study will be introduced.