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古代中国的科举制度在国家的养士与选士过程中占有重要地位,历来为学者们所关注。史家对于科举之定义、内容、发展过程、意义和影响等方面亦多有探讨,以至发展成为一门专门的学问。值得注意的是,受到中国文化的深刻影响,古代日本也曾仿照中国建立了贡举制度。尽管其施行时间与所受到的重视程度远不及中国,但同样有着独特的内容与发展历程。该制度的若干特点,在当时日本人所作有关贡举制度的汉诗及其他文献中均有所反映。古代日本贡举制度与中国科举制渐行渐远之原因,与两国实施贡举制度的历史背景和条件有关。
The system of imperial examination in ancient China occupied an important position in the process of the state’s bailiffs and electioneers, and has always been of concern to scholars. Historians have also explored the definition, content, development process, significance and influence of the imperial examination, and even developed it into a specialized knowledge. It is noteworthy that, under the profound influence of Chinese culture, the ancient Japan also modeled its contribution system to China. Although its implementation time and received much less attention than China, but also has a unique content and development process. Some features of the system were reflected in the Chinese poems and other documents that the Japanese made about the tribute system at that time. The reason why the ancient Japan tribunals’ system went away from the system of Chinese examination system was related to the historical background and condition of the tribute system implemented by the two countries.