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长期定位试验研究了黄土高原西部旱农区传统耕作措施和5种保护性耕作措施对豌豆-小麦(P→W)和小麦-豌豆(W→P)轮作序列的耕层土壤肥力质量的影响。结果表明,与传统耕作(T)处理相比,传统耕作秸秆还田(TS)和免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)处理有机质含量分别提高11.61%～12.21%和12.13%～16.99%,全氮提高7.29%～8.42%和11.58%～12.95%,全磷提高10.35%～14.63%和13.79%～18.29%,全钾提高7.32%～7.51%和8.78%～9.15%,速效磷提高11.10%～12.41%和16.29%～20.99%,速效钾提高25.11%～43.26%和31.62%～44.22%,pH降低0.11～0.17个单位和0.09～0.16个单位。进一步利用加乘法则和加权综合法两种模型评价不同耕作方式下的土壤肥力质量,结果表明,土壤肥力质量指数排序为NTS处理>TS处理>NTP处理>NT处理>T处理>TP处理(P→W轮作序列)和NTS处理>TS处理>NT处理>NTP处理>TP处理>T处理(W→P轮作序列)。在黄土高原雨养农作系统中,实施免耕结合秸秆覆盖,对促进和维持土壤养分平衡,提高土壤肥力质量具有重要意义。
Long-term experiment was conducted to study the effects of conventional tillage and five conservation tillage practices on the tilth plow soil fertility of pea-wheat (P → W) and wheat-pea (W → P) rotation series in arid areas of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the contents of organic matter increased by 11.61% -12.21% and 12.13% -16.99%, respectively, compared with those of conventional tillage (TS) and no-tillage straw mulching (NTS) % To 8.42% and 11.58% to 12.95%, total phosphorus increased 10.35% to 14.63% and 13.79% to 18.29%, total potassium increased from 7.32% to 7.51% and 8.78% to 9.15%, and available phosphorus increased from 11.10% to 12.41% 16.29% ~ 20.99%, available potassium increased 25.11% ~ 43.26% and 31.62% ~ 44.22%, pH decreased by 0.11 ~ 0.17 units and 0.09 ~ 0.16 units. The results showed that the order of soil fertility index was NTS treatment> TS treatment> NTP treatment> NT treatment> T treatment> TP treatment (P → W rotation sequence) and NTS processing> TS processing> NT processing> NTP processing> TP processing> T processing (W → P rotation sequence). In the rainfed farming system in the Loess Plateau, the implementation of no-tillage combined with straw mulching is of great significance to promote and maintain soil nutrient balance and improve soil fertility quality.