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目的了解2010-2012年深圳市病毒性腹泻的流行病学特征,为该地区病毒性腹泻的预防控制积累资料及诊治提供科学依据。方法收集2010-2012年深圳市11家哨点医院已上报到感染性腹泻网络4 323例患者的资料,对其进行描述性分析。结果在2010-2012年总体病毒阳性检出率为32.01%,单一轮状病毒检出率分别为14.27%、16.69%、10.53%;单一诺如病毒检出率分别为11.87%、14.40%、17.96%,单一星状病毒检出率分别为0.72%、0.68%、0.48%;单一肠道腺病毒检出率分别为1.32%、0.80%、0.80%;轮状病毒合并诺如病毒检出率0.60%、1.11%、1.34%,并出现一例三重病原体的感染。各个年龄人群均是病毒性腹泻的易感人群,10岁以下为发病的高峰年龄。轮状病毒阳性患者具有的各种临床特征(发热、腹泻、呕吐、腹痛)与检测轮状病毒阴性患者相比差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);诺如病毒阳性患者腹痛的临床特征与检测诺如病毒阴性患者相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2010-2012年深圳市病毒性腹泻发病多集中在10岁以下的儿童,诺如病毒检出率已超过轮状病毒,已成为深圳市最主要病原体,应加大诺如疫苗的开发研究。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea in Shenzhen from 2010 to 2012 and provide scientific evidences for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea in this area. Methods The data of 4 323 patients admitted to 11 sentinel hospitals in Shenzhen from 2010 to 2012 were collected and analyzed descriptively. Results The positive rate of single virus was 32.01% and the positive rate of single rotavirus was 14.27%, 16.69% and 10.53% respectively from 2010 to 2012. The detection rates of single Norovirus were 11.87%, 14.40% and 17.96 %, Respectively. The detection rates of single astrovirus were 0.72%, 0.68% and 0.48% respectively. The detection rates of single enterovirus were 1.32%, 0.80% and 0.80% respectively. The detection rate of Rotavirus combined with Norovirus was 0.60 %, 1.11%, 1.34%, and a case of triple pathogen infection. All age groups are susceptible to viral diarrhea, the age of 10 years of age for the incidence of the peak. The clinical features of rotavirus positive patients (fever, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain) were significantly different from those of rotavirus negative patients (all P <0.05). The clinical features of abdominal pain in Norovirus positive patients The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) compared with Norovirus negative patients. Conclusion From 2010 to 2012, the incidence of viral diarrhea in Shenzhen is mostly concentrated in children under 10 years of age. The detection rate of Norovirus has exceeded that of rotavirus and it has become the most important pathogen in Shenzhen. Therefore, the research and development of Norovirus vaccine should be strengthened.