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随着纳米技术的飞速发展,各种纳米材料大量涌现,人们接触纳米材料的机会亦随之增加。2003年起纳米材料对人类健康和环境的影响备受关注[1]。纳米材料可通过呼吸道、皮肤和消化道等途径进入人体,导致机体不同程度的毒性损伤。离体实验研究表明纳米材料的损伤包括肺部炎症和肺组织纤维化等肺部疾病、心血管疾病和免疫损伤等。目前纳米毒理学的主要研究手段为离体实验,缺乏具体暴露途径,强调急性毒性和死亡率,而长期暴露和易感人群的研
With the rapid development of nanotechnology, a large number of various nanomaterials emerge and opportunities for people to access nanomaterials also increase. Since 2003, the impact of nanomaterials on human health and the environment has drawn much attention [1]. Nanomaterials can enter the body through the respiratory tract, skin and digestive tract, leading to different degrees of toxicity damage to the body. In vitro studies show that the damage of nanomaterials includes pulmonary diseases such as lung inflammation and lung fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases and immune damage. At present, the main research methods of nanotoxicology are in vitro experiments, lack of specific exposure routes, emphasizing acute toxicity and mortality, while long-term exposure and susceptible populations