医院感染微生物的种类将随着治疗方法、药物种类、住院病人的成分和诊断技术等一系列因素的变化而变化。60年代中期以前,金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和肠致病性大肠菌曾居医院感染诸致病菌中的主要地位。70年代后,这些致病菌引起流行的频率即趋于下降,而多元抗药性的革兰氏阴性杆菌,如克氏杆菌,假单胞杆菌、变形杆菌和沙雷氏杆菌等的流行频率,则有明显的上升。近五、六年来,一些以前未经确诊的或 The type of nosocomial microorganisms will vary depending on a variety of factors such as the type of treatment, the type of drug, the composition of the inpatient, and diagnostic techniques. By the mid-1960s, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and enteropathogenic coliforms had been the mainstay of hospital-acquired pathogens. After the 1970s, the prevalence of these pathogenic bacteria tended to decline, whereas the prevalence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli, such as Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Proteus and Serratia, There is a clear rise. In the past five or six years, some have not been diagnosed before or