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目的探讨铜陵地区儿童过敏性疾病过敏原的分布特点,为本地区儿童常见过敏性疾病的防治提供科学依据。方法选择患有儿童哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和特异性皮炎等的患儿50例,男性31例,女性19例,平均年龄6.32±3.13岁。所有对象均选用20种过敏原进行皮肤点刺试验,以组胺作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。结果铜陵地区吸入性过敏原以粉尘螨阳性率最高为84%,其次是户尘螨阳性率82%、猫毛和狗上皮阳性率54%、蟑螂阳性率48%、艾蒿和葎草、玉米花粉阳性率46%。食物性过敏原以海虾阳性率最高62%,其次为牛肉和鸡蛋黄阳性率58%、花生阳性率56%、鸡蛋清和芒果、牛奶阳性率54%、黄鳝和带鱼阳性率52%、大豆阳性率46%、苹果和桃子阳性率42%。结论粉尘螨和户尘螨是铜陵地区儿童常见过敏性疾病的重要过敏原,学龄前儿童主要食物过敏原为鸡蛋黄、花生,学龄期儿童主要过敏原为海虾、牛肉。皮肤点刺试验用于明确儿童过敏性疾病的致病原因安全有效。
Objective To investigate the distribution of allergens in children with allergic diseases in Tongling area and provide scientific evidences for the prevention and treatment of common allergic diseases in children in this area. Methods Fifty children with childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were selected, including 31 males and 19 females, with an average age of 6.32 ± 3.13 years. All subjects were selected 20 allergens for skin prick test to histamine as a positive control, normal saline as a negative control. Results The highest positive rate of dust allergens was 84% in Tongling area, followed by 82% in house dust mites, 54% in cats and dogs, 48% in cockroaches, mugwort and hay fever, maize Pollen positive rate of 46%. The positive rate of food allergy to shrimp was 62%, followed by beef and egg yolk positive rate of 58%, peanut positive rate of 56%, egg white and mango, milk positive rate of 54%, eel and tapefish positive rate of 52%, soy positive Rate of 46%, apple and peach positive rate of 42%. Conclusion Dust mites and house dust mites are important allergens of common allergic diseases in children in Tongling area. The main food allergens of preschool children are egg yellow, peanut, and the main allergens of school-age children are shrimp and beef. Skin prick test is used to clarify the causes of allergic diseases in children safe and effective.