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基于义马千秋煤矿21221回采工作面原型,设计了过断层的工作面回采相似模型实验,通过再现断层活化和煤体冲击失稳的物理过程,研究了采动影响下采场覆岩的运动规律和断层应力演化特征,分析了煤层开采引起断层活化的机理。研究发现:邻近断层活化时,其正应力和剪应力快速增加,断层滑移危险性增大;工作面沿上盘开采至距离断层25 m时,受采动影响断层出现活化;采动影响增加了断层活化的可能性,工作面煤体承载力的局部失效是引起断层滑移的重要原因,断层滑移对工作面煤体的作用形式表现为非稳态的冲击和加卸载作用。
Based on the prototype of 21221 working face in Yichu Qianqiu Coal Mine, a similar model experiment of over-working face mining was designed. By reappearing the physical process of fault activation and coal-bed impact instability, the law of overlying strata movement And stress evolution characteristics of faults, the mechanism of fault activation induced by coal mining was analyzed. The results show that the normal stress and shear stress increase rapidly and the risk of fault slip increases when the adjacent fault is activated. When the working face is 25 m away from the fault, the affected fault is activated and the influence of mining is increased The possibility of fault activation and local failure of bearing capacity of coal face in coal face are the important causes of fault slip. The effect of fault slip on coal face is characterized by unsteady impact and loading and unloading.