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在隧道施工中采用地震方法对隧道地质情况进行探测,应该以最大的空间分辨率成像为目标.然而,由于信号频率对空间分辨率以及小角度照明度覆盖范围造成衰减的影响,地震方法在隧道中的应用仍然存在一些重要的局限性.首先采用了有限差分方法模拟弹性波的传播来合成隧道地震反射数据,合成数据采用最优化最实用的隧道数据处理流程对P、S波进行处理,特别是采用了衰减模型补偿振幅的衰减以及扩散,通过反Q滤波和使用空间变速模型能够获得反射地质单元在空间中的正确成像位置.最后结合奥地利Koralm隧道工程采用隧道地震预报方法的案例分析,充分说明该预报方法在隧道中应用的可行性.
Earthquake detection of tunnel geological conditions in tunnel construction should aim for maximum spatial resolution imaging, however, due to the influence of signal frequency on the spatial resolution and the attenuation caused by the low-angle illumination coverage, the seismic method in the tunnel There are still some important limitations in the application.First, the finite difference method is used to simulate the propagation of elastic waves to synthesize tunnel seismic reflection data, and the synthesized data are processed by using the most practical and practical tunnel data processing flow to process P and S waves, especially The decay model is used to compensate the attenuation and dispersion of the amplitude, and the correct imaging position of the reflecting geological units in space can be obtained by inverse Q-filtering and using the space-velocity model.Finally, the case analysis of tunnel seismic prediction using the Koralm tunnel in Austria is completed The feasibility of applying this method in the tunnel is illustrated.