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一、前言伽玛放射性核素可以在现场原地被探测而无需采样,因此,在与水文和环保研究有关的地下水运动的观测中,常被采用作为示踪物质。然而,对于某种伽玛核素是否可用作地下水示踪剂则取决于它的化学形态,取决于它在地下水含水层中的物理、化学性质和运动特性。由于阳离子形态的金属核素其表面吸附和离于交换作用,会在地下水含水层中严重损失,并滞后于水流运动,因此,只能将其转化成络合阴离子形态才可应用。自50年代初期,人们就对一些以简单阴离子和金属络合物形态的伽玛放射性核素进行了室
I. INTRODUCTION Gamma radionuclides can be detected in situ without sampling. Therefore, gamma radionuclides are often used as tracers in observations of groundwater movements related to hydrology and environmental studies. However, whether or not a certain gamma-nuclear ion can be used as a tracer for groundwater depends on its chemical form and on its physical, chemical, and kinematic characteristics in groundwater aquifers. Because the surface of the cationic metal nuclide is adsorbed and exchanged, it will be severely lost in the groundwater aquifer and lags behind the water flow. Therefore, it can only be converted into a complex anion form before it can be applied. Since the early 1950s, people have conducted gamma radionuclides in the form of simple anions and metal complexes.