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《中华人民共和国民法总则(草案)》第一百五十四条首次将乘人之危与显失公平制度合并规定,开中国民法史的先河。本文对乘人之危与显失公平的构成要件和历史渊源进行分析,认为以往的分别立法模式存在规定冗长和适用分歧方面的不足。本文通过对两者间关系的分析得出乘人之危作为独立制度存在诸多问题,显失公平应当吸收乘人之危的规定。最终希望为《中华人民共和国民法总则》第一百五十四条提供理论支持。
Article 154 of the “General Provisions of the People’s Republic of China on Civil Law (Draft)” for the first time combines the danger of being occupied by passengers with the system of showing unfairness and unfairness, opening the precedent of the history of Chinese civil law. This article analyzes the elements and historical origins of the danger and unfairness of the occupant, and points out the shortcomings of the old legislative model in terms of lengthiness and application of disagreements. Through the analysis of the relationship between the two, this article draws a conclusion that there are many problems in the danger of taking a person as an independent system and that the unfairness should absorb the danger of taking a passenger. Finally, I hope to provide theoretical support for Article 154 of the “General Rules of Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China.”