外语教学过程要在教师的指导下,树立学生是外语学习主人翁的观点,充分调动学生学习的主动性、积极性,参与耳听、眼看、动脑、动手的学习活动,培养自辨、自治、自理、自学能力和运用知识技能的能力,发展智力、情意,从而达到使学生德、智、体、美、劳和个性全面发展的目的。我们所面临的任务就是实施被动学习向主动学习的转化。一、被动学习和主动学习的理论依据被动学习出自桑代克根据其动物实验建立的S-R(刺激-反应)教育心理学理论范式,以这一理论为基础的教学与学习过程中,学习是机械的过程,学习者 Under the guidance of teachers, the process of foreign language teaching should establish that students are the masters of foreign language learning, and fully mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of students to participate in listening, seeing, brains and hands-on learning activities and cultivate self-determination, self- Self-learning ability and the ability to use knowledge and skills, development of intelligence, affection, so as to achieve the purpose of all-round development of moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, labor and personality. The task we are facing is to implement the transformation from passive learning to active learning. I. Theoretical Basis for Passive Learning and Active Learning Passive learning comes from the paradigm of SR (stimulus-response) educational psychology established by Thunderdock according to their animal experiments. In the teaching and learning process based on this theory, learning is mechanical The process of learners