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文章基于水资源利用与经济和社会发展关系的认识,应用不同国家和地区数据构建了水资源利用发展路径,并以此为依据评价了中国1980—2014年水资源利用发展过程和大陆各省1993、2000和2011年水资源利用水平。水资源利用呈现阶段性特点,在经济发展从低收入向中低收入、中高收入和高收入的发展过程中,农业用水比重从极高下降到较低水平,人均生活用水量逐步增加,单位工业用水量显著下降,水生产效益显著提高,供水人口实现全覆盖。中国水资源利用发展过程受经济和社会发展影响明显,工业用水比重过大,人均生活用水量偏低,并滞后于经济发展。各省水资源利用呈现显著差异,但滞后于经济发展的省份占大多数。
Based on the understanding of the relationship between water resources utilization and economic and social development, this paper constructs a water resources utilization development path based on the data of different countries and regions. Based on this, the paper evaluates the development of water resources utilization in China from 1980 to 2014 and the development of water resources in China in 1993, Water use levels in 2000 and 2011. The utilization of water resources shows the characteristics of a period. In the process of economic development ranging from low-income to low-income, middle- and high-income and high-income development, the proportion of agricultural water dropped from extremely high to low levels and the per capita domestic water consumption gradually increased. Water consumption decreased significantly, water production efficiency significantly increased, water supply to achieve full coverage of the population. The development of water resources utilization in China is obviously affected by economic and social development. The proportion of industrial water consumption is too large and the per capita domestic water consumption is low, lagging behind that of economic development. The utilization of water resources in all provinces showed significant differences, but the provinces lagging behind economic development accounted for the majority.