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为了验证疾病的病因假说,可对一批批的个体,而非对整个人群,进行两种流行病学观察。以饮食缺乏纤维与憩室病之间的可疑关系为例,这两种观察是:(1)对一群憩室病患者和一群无此病者进行比较,观察前者的纤维摄入量是否较低;(2)比较饮食纤维摄入量不同的人群,观察低纤维饮食者的憩室病发病率是否较高。第一种观察由病例-对照调查(Casecontrol study,或称配对调查)作出,将“病例”和一群无此病的人进行比较;第二种观察是群列调查(Cohort study),对暴露于
In order to verify the etiology of the disease, two epidemiological observations can be made on a batch of individuals rather than on the entire population. Take the suspicious relationship between dietary deficiency fiber and diverticular disease as an example. The two observations are: (1) To compare whether a group of patients with diverticular disease and a group of patients without the disease have a low fiber intake; 2) Compare the population with different dietary fiber intakes and observe whether the incidence of diverticular disease is higher in low-fiber dieters. The first observation was made by a case control study (or paired survey), comparing the “case” with a group of people without the disease; the second observation was a Cohort study, and the