这些要塞见证了中华文明的诞生与阵痛。璀璨亮丽“关”文化关,是往来必由之要处。“山川扼要,是设关津,以表封疆,以达道路,天险既呈,人力并济”。关可分为:关防,驻兵防守的要塞;关津,水陆交通的要道;关隘,关津要隘。关的名称,大都称之为关、口、渡、岭、隘,也有叫堡、塞、峪、寨、壁等。中华五千年文明是在分分合合中跌宕起伏、一波三折中创造出来的。因为中国的地形三分之二是高原和丘陵,在漫长的军事争斗中,依托地形地势形成了许多要 These fortresses witnessed the birth and pain of Chinese civilization. Bright and beautiful “off” culture off, it is necessary to contacts. “Mountains and rivers are brief, is set to Tianjin, in order to seal the territory of Xinjiang, in order to reach the road, natural risk was presented, manpower and economy ”. Off can be divided into: off guard, garrison reinforcements; off Tianjin, water and land transportation arteries; off pass, Guanjin pass. Off the name, mostly called off, mouth, crossing, ridge, pass, also called fort, plug, valley, walled, wall and so on. The five thousand years of civilization in China are created in ups and downs in ups and downs and in twists and turns. Because two thirds of China’s terrain is plateau and hills, in the long military struggle, relying on topography and terrain formed a lot of