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由于支气管镜的问世,使支气管肺泡灌洗术(BAL)在短短20年中得以迅猛发展。目前已采用两肺仅间隔2h大容量灌洗术,灌洗部位通常选择病变部位或纤维镜易达到的肺中叶或肺小舌;灌洗液选用不含致热原的生理盐水,也可加一定量的药物,其浓度根据肺内残余量来推算,灌洗液加温至37℃,可减少咳嗽和支气管痉挛的发生,pH值5.5～7.0的灌洗液不影响其回收率以及其中的细胞成分;回收的灌洗液的成分作体外培养,进行细胞和分子生物学水平研究肺部疾病,并确定肺部疾病的时期,将是今后研究的热点之一。虽然BAL具有安全和相对无创伤性的优点,但必须剔除明显的心血管疾病和电解质紊乱者。
Due to the advent of bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has developed rapidly in only 20 years. At present, the two lungs have been used for large-capacity lavage only at intervals of 2h. The lavage sites usually select the diseased parts or the lung lobes that are easily accessible with fibroscopes. The lavage fluid can be selected from normal saline without pyrogen, Amount of the drug, the concentration of lung remnant to calculate, the lavage fluid warmed to 37 ℃, can reduce the incidence of cough and bronchospasm, pH 5.5 ~ 7.0 lavage fluid does not affect the recovery rate and the cells It is one of the hot topics in the future to study the components of the recovered lavage fluid for in vitro culture and to conduct cellular and molecular biology studies on lung diseases and to determine the period of lung diseases. Although BAL is safe and relatively non-invasive, significant cardiovascular and electrolyte disturbances must be eliminated.