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目的了解深圳市居民的零食消费状况。方法采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样的方法,在深圳市8个区中抽取12个社区居委会,在每个被抽取的社区居委会中随机抽取30户居民,再将每个家庭中2岁及其以上的家庭成员作为研究对象进行膳食调查。结果深圳市居民的零食消费率为66.1%,其中女性高于男性(χ2=11.552,P<0.01),儿童青少年高于成年人(χ2=27.207,P<0.01)。深圳市居民每人·日可从零食中分别摄入能量107.8 kcal(451.5 kJ),蛋白质1.7 g,脂肪0.8 g,碳水化合物22.0 g,膳食纤维1.1 g,维生素A 23.1μg,维生素C 8.3 mg,维生素E 1.1 mg,钙17.0 mg,钠9.3 mg,镁21.0 mg,铁0.8 mg和锌0.4 mg。消费率最高的前5种零食分别是水果类、糕点小吃类、奶类、饮料类和谷物类。结论必须加强深圳市居民对饮食营养的宣传教育,指导他们正确合理的选择零食。
Objective To understand the consumption of snacks in Shenzhen residents. Methods A cluster random sampling method with multi-stage stratification and population proportion was adopted. Twelve community residents’ committees were selected from 8 districts in Shenzhen. Thirty households were selected randomly from each neighborhood committee, and then each Family members aged 2 years and over in the family served as dietary surveys. Results The consumption rate of snacks in Shenzhen residents was 66.1%. Among them, women were higher than men (χ2 = 11.552, P <0.01), children and adolescents were higher than adults (χ2 = 27.207, P <0.01). Shenzhen residents per person per day were able to ingest 107.8 kcal (451.5 kJ), 1.7 g of protein, 0.8 g of fat, 22.0 g of carbohydrates, 1.1 g of dietary fiber, 23.1 μg of vitamin A, 8.3 mg of vitamin C, 1.1 mg of vitamin E, 17.0 mg of calcium, 9.3 mg of sodium, 21.0 mg of magnesium, 0.8 mg of iron and 0.4 mg of zinc. The top five snacks with the highest rates of consumption are fruits, pastries, dairy products, beverages and cereals. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of dietary nutrition among residents in Shenzhen and guide them to choose the proper and appropriate snacks.