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通过大田试验对不同秸秆还田方式下黑土农田生态系统土壤氮素和物理性状进行研究。结果表明,不同秸秆还田处理土壤容重降低0.09～0.19 g/cm3;土壤比重增加19.82%～29.49%;土壤总孔隙度增加18.23%～22.26%。过腹还田处理增加土壤全氮含量;秸秆直接还田处理和腐解还田处理土壤全氮含量低于常规栽培方式(对照)和无秸秆处理;不同秸秆还田处理增加了土壤铵态氮和微生物量氮含量;过腹还田处理降低了土壤硝态氮含量,提高了土壤可溶性有机氮含量;秸秆直接还田处理和腐解还田处理增加了土壤硝态氮含量,降低了土壤可溶性有机氮含量。因此,不同秸秆还田方式配施微生物菌剂,结合先进的栽培方式是增加土壤有效氮素的有效途径,有利于退化黑土的可持续利用。
Field experiments were conducted to study the soil nitrogen and physical properties of black soil farmland ecosystem under different straw returning practices. The results showed that the soil bulk density decreased by 0.09 ~ 0.19 g / cm3, the soil specific gravity increased by 19.82% ~ 29.49%, and the total soil porosity increased by 18.23% ~ 22.26%. After over-the-field and over-field treatments, the soil total nitrogen content was increased. The soil total nitrogen content was lower in the treatment of straw returning directly to soil and returning to the soil than the conventional cultivation method (no treatment) And the amount of soil microbial biomass nitrogen. After over-the-field treatment, the soil nitrate nitrogen content decreased and the content of soil soluble organic nitrogen increased. The straw returning to soil and returning to soil treatment increased the soil nitrate nitrogen content and decreased the soil soluble Organic nitrogen content. Therefore, different ways of applying straw to soil microbial agents, combined with advanced cultivation methods is an effective way to increase soil available nitrogen, is conducive to the sustainable use of degraded black soil.