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目的探讨健康教育对颅脑损伤患者家属心理状况及应对能力的影响。方法将2013年9月-2014年10月符合纳入标准的188例需要手术治疗的颅脑损伤患者家属按随机数字表法分为干预组(n=95)和对照组(n=93),对照组实施常规健康教育,干预组实行健康教育路径干预,分别在入院和出院时采用症状自评量表(SLC-90)和应付方式量表评价并比较两组患者家属心理状况及应对能力,并在出院时就住院时间和费用、家属满意度进行比较。结果入院时两组患者家属心理状况及应对能力比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。出院时,对照组患者家属SCL-90筛查阳性率高于干预组,SCL-90总分及各因子得分也高于干预组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在应对能力方面,对照组家属自责、退避、幻想、合理化得分显著高于干预组,求助得分显著低于干预组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组患者住院时间和费用明显减少,家属满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论健康教育路径可明显改善手术治疗颅脑损伤患者家属的心理状况,改善其应对疾病能力,对患者护理及康复有积极意义。
Objective To investigate the effect of health education on the psychological status and coping ability of the family members of patients with craniocerebral injury. Methods A total of 188 eligible patients with traumatic brain injury who met the inclusion criteria from September 2013 to October 2014 were randomly divided into intervention group (n = 95) and control group (n = 93) according to random number table. Group were given routine health education. Intervention group was given health education intervention. SLC-90 and coping style scale were used to assess and compare the psychological status and coping ability of family members in both groups at admission and discharge. Hospital discharge at hospitalization time and costs, family satisfaction were compared. Results There was no significant difference in psychological status and coping ability between the two groups on admission (P> 0.05). At discharge, the positive rate of SCL-90 screening in family members of control group was higher than that of intervention group. The score of SCL-90 and the score of each factor were also higher than those of intervention group. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). In coping ability, the scores of self-blame, retreat, fantasy and rationalization in the control group were significantly higher than those in the intervention group, and the scores of seeking help were significantly lower than those in the intervention group (P <0.05). The hospitalization time and cost of the intervention group were significantly reduced, and the satisfaction of family members was higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The path of health education can significantly improve the psychological status of the family members of patients with craniocerebral injury and improve their ability to deal with the disease, which is of positive significance to patient care and rehabilitation.