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目的了解广州地区船舶修造企业作业工人健康状况,为企业职业健康监护重点提供依据。方法依据《职业健康监护技术规范》,根据各工作岗位职业病危害因素接触情况,对2012—2014年广州地区4家船舶修造企业作业工人进行职业健康检查,并对体检数据进行统计学分析。结果船舶修造行业主要工种接触的职业病危害因素种类较多。2012—2014年,上岗前职业健康检查的人数逐年上升,上岗前体检异常率、在岗期间体检异常率、离岗时体检异常率、总体异常率在三年间比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=759.484、4 541.562、212.297、4 225.164,P<0.01);三年电测听检查的总体异常率(14.92%)和复查率(2.58%)最高。结论广州地区船舶修造行业职业健康检查日益受到重视,船舶修造行业重点监控的职业病是尘肺病和噪声聋。
Objective To understand the health status of workers in shipbuilding enterprises in Guangzhou and provide the basis for the focus of enterprise occupational health monitoring. Methods According to the Technical Code of Occupational Health Monitoring, occupational health examination was conducted on the workers in four marine construction enterprises in Guangzhou from 2012 to 2014 according to the exposure of various occupational hazards in each job, and the physical examination data were analyzed statistically. Results There are many kinds of occupational hazards in main shipbuilding industry. 2012-2014, the number of pre-employment occupational health examination increased year by year, the pre-appointment physical examination anomaly rate, post-clinical examination during the abnormal rate, post-examination physical examination abnormal rate, the overall abnormal rate in the three years, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 759.484,4 541.562,212.297,4 225.164, P <0.01). The overall abnormality rate (14.92%) and review rate (2.58%) in the three-year electrical audiometry were the highest. Conclusion Occupational health examination in shipbuilding industry in Guangzhou is paid more and more attention. Occupational diseases that are mainly monitored by shipbuilding industry are pneumoconiosis and noise-deafness.