目的建立快速简便的逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ）方法检测人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）即刻早期（ＩＥ）基因ｍＲＮＡ。方法设计合成跨越ＨＣＭＶＩＥ基因内含子区的一对引物，分别用ＲＴＰＣＲ和ＰＣＲ技术扩增ＨＣＭＶｍＲＮＡ和ＤＮＡ，用Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交鉴定阳性产物。结果ＨＣＭＶＩＥ基因ｍＲＮＡ表达在感染后６小时即可出现，并持续到感染后至少９６小时，ＲＴＰＣＲ检测的最低敏感性为１００ｆｇ总ＲＮＡ，其他病毒和细胞ＲＮＡ不能被扩增。结论ＲＴＰＣＲ技术检测ＨＣＭＶｍＲＮＡ敏感、特异，有望应用于临床作为ＨＣＭＶ活动性感染的早期诊断方法 Objective To establish a rapid and convenient reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) method for the detection of immediate cytomegalovirus (HCMV) mRNA in early stage (IE). Methods A pair of primers were designed and synthesized to cross HCMVIE gene intron region. HCMV mRNA and DNA were amplified by RT-PCR and PCR, respectively. The positive products were identified by Southern blotting. Results HCMVIE gene mRNA expression appeared 6 hours after infection and lasted at least 96 hours after infection. The lowest sensitivity of RT-PCR detection was 100 fg total RNA, and the other viruses and cell RNAs could not be amplified. Conclusion RTPCR detection HCMVmRNA sensitive and specific, is expected to be used as an early clinical diagnosis of HCMV infection