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馈线区段故障的快速准确辨识对于提升配电网可靠性与自愈性有重要作用。针对基于逻辑关系的间接故障定位方法在数值稳定性和决策效率上的不足，该文基于代数关系描 述和互补约束理论构建了配电网故障区段定位的互补约束新模型，其优势在于：1）避免了对群体智能算法的过分依赖，可采用数值稳定性好的梯度算法优化求解；2）利用互补约束条件将离散变量松弛为连续变量，降低了故障定位问题决策时的复杂性。在此基础上，提出基于扰动因子的故障定位模型光滑化求解算法。仿真表明，新模型和决策算法不仅能够实现馈线故障区段的准确高容错性辨识，且进行优化决策时具有数值稳定性好、优化效率高的优点，在大规模配电网故障定位中有良好的应用前景。“,”Fast and exact feeder fault location method plays an important role in enhancing reliability and self-healing of distribution network. In order to overcome the numerical optimization instability and low decision-making efficiency of logic relationship based indirect fault location method, a novel complementarity constraints fault location model was proposed based on algebra relationship and complementary theory, which advantage lies in: 1) avoiding the fault identification model excessive reliance on swarm intelligence algorithm in optimization computation, in which the gradient algorithm with good numerical stability can be used; 2) complementarity constraints conditions based relaxation method was used to relax the discrete variable for continuous variables equivalently, which reduces the complexity of fault location problem. To solve the novel model effectively, the hybrid solution method was put forward on basis of smooth theory with disturbance factor. The simulation results show that the proposed method based on smooth theory and nonlinear programming, not only can realize the accurate identification of the feeder fault section and has high fault tolerance performance, good numerical stability and high optimization efficiency, which has a good application prospect in future.