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Abstract The cultivation of the economic crop fluecured tobacco is greatly impacted by natural climates， making it a risk industry. In recent years， fluecured tobacco production is influenced by extreme weather such as typhoon， low temperature， hail， frost， drought， plant diseases and insect pests. It is imperative to establish a sound insurance system for tobacco planting. In this paper， the practice and functions of tobacco planting insurance in Qianxinan Prefecture were summarized， the experience and existing problems in the practice process were analyzed， and finally the countermeasures and suggestions were proposed to further improve the tobacco planting insurance.
Key words Tobacco planting insurance; Existing problems; Countermeasures; Qianxinan Prefecture; Guizhou
As an economic crop， fluecured tobacco is greatly impacted by natural climates like other crops， making it one of the risk industries. In recent years， the production of fluecured tobacco has suffered from extreme weathers like typhoon， low temperature， hail， frost and drought， and pests， which have made tobacco planting develop in the direction of large scale and professionalism as a poverty alleviation industry in many areas. Therefore， it is imperative to establish a sound insurance system for fluecured tobacco planting.
Located at 104°35′-106°32′ E， 24°38′-26°11′ N in southeast Guizhou Province [1-2]， Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture （Qianxinan Prefecture） is one of the high quality fluecured tobacco production areas in Guizhou. In recent years， fluecured tobacco in the area have had the yield over 40 000 t with a planting area of about 20 000 hm 2. However， affected by the subtropical climate， the area often sees occurrences of spring drought， which has a great impact on tobacco farmers benefits. In order to effectively reduce the risk of tobacco planting for tobacco farmers and stabilize the economic benefits of tobacco planting and scale of fluecured tobacco planting， the Tobacco Company of Qianxinan Prefecture has further improved the construction of fluecured tobacco planting insurance for tobacco farmers on the basis of the operations of the fluecured tobacco planting risk protection fund since 2011. In this paper， we summarized the practical experience of tobacco planting insurance in Qianxinan Prefecture， analyzed the existing problems in the practice process， and proposed countermeasures and suggestions for the further improvement and development of tobacco planting insurance， with the aim to provide references for the development of fluecured tobacco planting insurance in future. Practice and Function of Fluecured Tobacco Planting Insurance in Qianxinan Prefecture
Practice
The implementation of fluecured tobacco planting insurance can effectively reduce the risks in tobacco planting for tobacco farmers， increase the income of tobacco farmers， and stabilize the economic benefits of tobacco planting and the scale of fluecured tobacco planting. In 2011， Qianxinan Prefecture set up the pilot project of prefecturewide fluecured tobacco planting insurance in Puan County under the principle of "improving after starting， promoting after piloting"， and organized the implementation of insurance work in accordance to the principle of "government guiding， policy supporting， tobacco farmer volunteering， tripartite financing， market operating". The first part is the premium subsidy of 30% of the insurance （7.2 Yuan/667 m 2） provided by the Finance Department of Puan County， the second part is the 50% of the insurance （12 Yuan/667 m 2） provided by the Puan County Tobacco Bureau， and the third part is the 20% of the insurance （4.8 Yuan/667 m 2） charged for the tobacco farmers who are willing to pay in the whole country. Finally， the PICC P&C Insurance Company and the tobacco farmers reach an insurance agreement and issue the guarantee slip. In 2011， the tobacco planting area in Puan County was 5 708 hm 2， and the number of tobacco farmers was 8 082. Among them， there were 7 093 tobacco planting households with a planting area of 5 105.3 hm 2 insured， and the rate of joining insurance was about 90%. The county finance contributed 551 369 Yuan， the tobacco department contributed 918 948 Yuan， and the tobacco farmers paid premiums of 367 579 Yuan， with a total insurance premium of 1 837 896 Yuan. The overall disaster compensations were as follows： first， an area of 42.58 hm 2 was affected by the strong wind and hail， which belonged to 173 households， and the compensated money was 255 500 Yuan with the compensating standard of 400 Yuan/667 m 2; second， an area of 719.4 hm 2 was affected by the drought disaster， which involved with 3 684 households， and the compensated money was 2 158 180 Yuan with the compensating standard of 200 Yuan/667 m 2; third， there were a total of 3 857 households hit by disasters with the damaging area of 761.98 hm 2， and the compensated money reached a total of 2 413 680 Yuan. In the case of severe drought， the amount of insurance money was nearly 5 800 000 Yuan more than the collected money. The insurance company paid far more compensated money than the insured money， and the insurance company could well understand and provide timely compensation. After one year of operation， the insurance system worked well， and it met the satisfactions of tobacco farmers， government and the tobacco department. Since 2012， fluecured tobacco planting insurance has been put into full promotion in 6 tobacco planting counties in Qianxinan Prefecture. Functions of practicing tobacco planting insurance
The current fluecured tobacco planting industry has become largescale and professional. Judging from the current situation in Qianxinan Prefecture， fluecured tobacco planting industry is concerned with industrial poverty alleviation， income increase of tobacco farmers and government taxation. Therefore， the implementation of fluecured tobacco planting insurance plays an important role in promoting the development of fluecured tobacco industry， increasing the income of tobacco farmers and government tax revenue in Qianxinan Prefecture.
Safeguarding income of tobacco farmers
The meteorological data in 54 consecutive years showed that the occurrence rate of drought in Qianxinan Prefecture is 89%， including 19% of severe drought， 48% for moderate drought， and 22% for mild drought. During the spring drought period， the heavy drought lasting for more than 35 d appears every 4-5 years， but the mild drought lasting for 15-35 d appears almost every 2 years. Tobacco production requires large amount of materials and labor input， so the tobacco farmers suffer great losses once there are extreme weathers or serious pests and diseases. Adhering to the principle of "supporting before production， serving during production and insuring after production"， the Tobacco Company of Qianxinan Prefecture builds up a comprehensive supporting system for tobacco farmers to increase their income， reducing burdens and risks for farmers. In 2011， Qianxinan Prefecture suffered from a severe drought， with an affected area of 218 000 hm 2， involved with 22 975 affected households， and a total sum of 89 193 600 Yuan was input to help the farmers overcome difficulties. Since 2007， Guizhou Tobacco Co.， Ltd. has made cooperation with the meteorological department to build the disaster prevention and mitigation system for tobacco production throughout Guizhou Province， including establishing a monitoring and evaluation system for meteorological disasters in tobacco production and investing in building hail prevention facilities in the tobacco producing areas. The establishment and improvement of the tobacco planting insurance system ensures the actual income of tobacco farmers.
Increasing planting scale of tobacco farmers
Tobacco farmers are poor in resisting resist natural disasters. Tobacco planting insurance can help tobacco farmers reduce economic losses， resume production as soon as possible， and stabilize the income of tobacco farmers. It can effectively curb the situation of "disastercaused poverty， disastercaused povertyreturning"， effectively consolidating the effectiveness of the industrial poverty alleviation. As shown in Table 1， the planting area of fluecured tobacco became larger and larger in 2014-2016 in Qianxinan Prefecture， and the corresponding investment in materials and labor also became greater， which increased the risk of investment and aggravated the concerns of farmers on the yield. Fluetobacco planting insurance can relieve farmers from the fear of attacks from behind， making the farmers feel relieved to expand the planting scale to increase income. Increasing local fiscal revenue
Compared with the help from tobacco companies or government， fluecured tobacco planting insurance can mobilize multiple social forces to share the risk of fluecured tobacco planting through maketization operations， and reduce the financial burdens of the government tobacco companies and tobacco farmers in dealing with natural disasters. Therefore， it is more conducive to the fluecured tobacco industry， and favorable for stabilizing tobacco taxation， which can raise local fiscal revenue and promote the economic development in local communities， especially in rural areas.
Existing Problems in Fluecured Tobacco Planting Insurance
New type of insurance， requiring improvement in business service level
As a new type of insurance， and an agricultural insurance， it has high degree of dependence on the climatic conditions of the year. When extreme natural disasters occur， the number of affected households is large and the area affected by the disaster is wide. Therefore， it is necessary to carry out claim verifications in a timely manner. The quality of insurance service can be affected by factors like unfamiliar business， large amount of claims， and fast progress in claims. As shown in Table 2， the fluecured tobacco planting insurance involved with large volume of business in terms of compensated area， compensated number of households and compensated money in 2014-2016， and there was no rule for the occurrence， making it unable to make advanced preparations.
High risks， leading to weak willingness to accept insurance by the insurance company
As shown in Table 3， in 2014-2016， the insurance companies were in loss except for 2014. Subjected to the influences of climatic conditions， Qianxinan Prefecture sees frequent occurrences of natural disasters like spring drought， hail storm and flood. The high claim ratios and large amount of compensated money， as well as the high costs in the verification and settlement of claims make the insurance company unwilling to accept insurance.
Big controversy， resulting in differences in the understating of compensation standards
Fluecured tobacco is planted in large area， and the disasters occur irregularly， bringing great difficulties for the exploration， verification and settlement of fluecured tobacco planting insurance. When disaster occurred， the information between the insurance company and the tobacco farmers is seriously asymmetrical. The tobacco farmers have weak risk consciousness， and it is unable to control the ethics risks. Therefore， there are disputes in the definition of the damage degree and the compensated standards in the process of claim verification and settlement， and the insurance company is at great risks of being swindled. Suggestions and Countermeasures for Improving Fluecured Tobacco Planting Insurance
The tobacco department should further increase the propaganda of tobacco planting insurance to tobacco farmers， report to the local governments at all times， make timely communication with the insurance companies to increase cooperation， and strive for the active participation of the insurance company to increase the enlisting insurance rate of tobacco farmers.
Strengthening propaganda and guidance for tobacco farmers
Agricultural insurance has a tendency to reverse selection， and the years with good weather can spare farmers from disasters， which can weaken the willingness of farmers to insured in the future. Therefore， the tobacco department， the government， and the insurance company should strengthen publicity and guidance for tobacco farmers. First， the tobacco department should strengthen its propaganda efforts， and explain to farmers the advantages of tobacco planting insurance， so that farmers can truly feel the advantages and necessity of participating in fluecured tobacco planting insurance. Second， the insurance company should improve their business level， increase publicity and business consulting， explain the knowledge related with fluecured tobacco planting insurance to farmers， and enhance farmers recognition and understanding of fluecured tobacco planting insurance. Third， the tobacco department should link tobacco farmers participating in tobacco planting insurance to tobacco production support policies and tobacco production subsidies. Combining the classification and differentiated management of tobacco farmers， it can offer proper inclinations to the insured farmers when signing contracts of planting area， and it can consider sharing the insured money paid by farmers by cooperatives. All in all， a variety of effective ways can be used to guide farmers to cover insurance.
Motivating the enthusiasm of insurance companies
Fluecured tobacco planting insurance has high rate of compensation， which maintains at above 70% in Qianxinan Prefecture in recent years， greatly exceeding the breakeven point of the insurance company. The insurance company becomes unwilling to accept insurance due to the high costs in organization and management， high transaction costs， and high claim ratio. Tobacco companies have a large amount of other insurance business， and the property insurance of the tobacco industry is highquality insurance. Therefore， "paying insurance with insurance" can be considered， since it can motivate the enthusiasm of the insurance company by covering the fluecured tobacco planting insurance with other insurance types. Clarifying insurance content and expanding insurance coverage
The insurance content should be clearly defined in the following 3 aspects： insurance liability， damage standard， and compensation standard. At present， the main insurance for fluecured tobacco planting in Qianxinan Prefecture is mainly involved with severe disasters such as hail storm， windstorm and flood， which should reach a certain range to receive compensation. It is recommended to expand the insurance coverage and insurance liability by including drought， pests， diseases and low temperature and overcast weather in the insurance range， and lower the compensation standard. In recent years， according to the principle of "household planting， cooperative serving"， the tobacco industry takes an active part in carrying out professional services of seedling raising， machine farming， plant protection， fluecuring and grading， focusing on the development of comprehensive cooperative services for tobacco farmers， vigorously cultivating professional tobacco farmers， and actively promoting modernization construction of tobacco agriculture [3-4]. Fluecured tobacco planting insurance is one of the important insurances in agricultural insurances， which is of great significance to promote the construction of modern tobacco agriculture. Fluecured tobacco insurance can expand the insurance coverage as much as possible， and can be further expanded by adding tobacco leaf harvesting insurance， tobacco leaf fluecuring insurance， tobacco leaf storage and transportation insurance to protect professional services.
Striving for government policy support
In 2016， the No. 1 Central Document of China pointed out that agricultural insurance should be an important means to support agriculture， so it needed to expand the coverage of agricultural insurance， increase insurance varieties， and improve the level of insurance protection. Fluecured tobacco is the main source of township taxation in many areas. Therefore， it should strive to win the agreement of local government to increase the taxation figure， so as to reduce the economic burden and improve the enthusiasm of tobacco farmers in covering insurance.
Improving disaster prevention and mitigation system
While improving the fluecured tobacco planting insurance， it should continue to improve the disaster prevention and mitigation system. It should optimize the layout of the tobacco field and avoid the plots which are easy affected by disasters and diseases. Tobacco farmers should have their disaster prevention and disaster relief organization capability improved， and they should make good preparations to prevent disasters by "making high ridges and digging deep ditches". Technical guidance should be provided for tobacco farmers to strengthen their ability to tackle with common natural disasters. It should also improve the tobacco production service system， increase the number of hail suppression stations and enhance the accuracy of weather forecasting.
References
[1] LI HX， TANG YJ， MO JG， et al. Analysis of the climate resources affecting the production of high quality fluecured tobacco in Southwest Guizhou[J]. Culture with Planting， 2006（5）： 58-59.
[2] MA Y. Quality characteristics of tobacco leaves with special flavor in Southwest Guizhou and its related techniques[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science， 2007， 28（6）： 17-21.
[3] WANG F. Modern tobacco agriculture in the USA and its enlightenment[M]. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 2009.
[4] DAI CZ， HE Y， YANG SJ， et al. On the development of tobacco farmers cooperatives[J]. Acta Tabacaria Sinica， 2012， 18（2）： 82-87.
Key words Tobacco planting insurance; Existing problems; Countermeasures; Qianxinan Prefecture; Guizhou
As an economic crop， fluecured tobacco is greatly impacted by natural climates like other crops， making it one of the risk industries. In recent years， the production of fluecured tobacco has suffered from extreme weathers like typhoon， low temperature， hail， frost and drought， and pests， which have made tobacco planting develop in the direction of large scale and professionalism as a poverty alleviation industry in many areas. Therefore， it is imperative to establish a sound insurance system for fluecured tobacco planting.
Located at 104°35′-106°32′ E， 24°38′-26°11′ N in southeast Guizhou Province [1-2]， Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture （Qianxinan Prefecture） is one of the high quality fluecured tobacco production areas in Guizhou. In recent years， fluecured tobacco in the area have had the yield over 40 000 t with a planting area of about 20 000 hm 2. However， affected by the subtropical climate， the area often sees occurrences of spring drought， which has a great impact on tobacco farmers benefits. In order to effectively reduce the risk of tobacco planting for tobacco farmers and stabilize the economic benefits of tobacco planting and scale of fluecured tobacco planting， the Tobacco Company of Qianxinan Prefecture has further improved the construction of fluecured tobacco planting insurance for tobacco farmers on the basis of the operations of the fluecured tobacco planting risk protection fund since 2011. In this paper， we summarized the practical experience of tobacco planting insurance in Qianxinan Prefecture， analyzed the existing problems in the practice process， and proposed countermeasures and suggestions for the further improvement and development of tobacco planting insurance， with the aim to provide references for the development of fluecured tobacco planting insurance in future. Practice and Function of Fluecured Tobacco Planting Insurance in Qianxinan Prefecture
Practice
The implementation of fluecured tobacco planting insurance can effectively reduce the risks in tobacco planting for tobacco farmers， increase the income of tobacco farmers， and stabilize the economic benefits of tobacco planting and the scale of fluecured tobacco planting. In 2011， Qianxinan Prefecture set up the pilot project of prefecturewide fluecured tobacco planting insurance in Puan County under the principle of "improving after starting， promoting after piloting"， and organized the implementation of insurance work in accordance to the principle of "government guiding， policy supporting， tobacco farmer volunteering， tripartite financing， market operating". The first part is the premium subsidy of 30% of the insurance （7.2 Yuan/667 m 2） provided by the Finance Department of Puan County， the second part is the 50% of the insurance （12 Yuan/667 m 2） provided by the Puan County Tobacco Bureau， and the third part is the 20% of the insurance （4.8 Yuan/667 m 2） charged for the tobacco farmers who are willing to pay in the whole country. Finally， the PICC P&C Insurance Company and the tobacco farmers reach an insurance agreement and issue the guarantee slip. In 2011， the tobacco planting area in Puan County was 5 708 hm 2， and the number of tobacco farmers was 8 082. Among them， there were 7 093 tobacco planting households with a planting area of 5 105.3 hm 2 insured， and the rate of joining insurance was about 90%. The county finance contributed 551 369 Yuan， the tobacco department contributed 918 948 Yuan， and the tobacco farmers paid premiums of 367 579 Yuan， with a total insurance premium of 1 837 896 Yuan. The overall disaster compensations were as follows： first， an area of 42.58 hm 2 was affected by the strong wind and hail， which belonged to 173 households， and the compensated money was 255 500 Yuan with the compensating standard of 400 Yuan/667 m 2; second， an area of 719.4 hm 2 was affected by the drought disaster， which involved with 3 684 households， and the compensated money was 2 158 180 Yuan with the compensating standard of 200 Yuan/667 m 2; third， there were a total of 3 857 households hit by disasters with the damaging area of 761.98 hm 2， and the compensated money reached a total of 2 413 680 Yuan. In the case of severe drought， the amount of insurance money was nearly 5 800 000 Yuan more than the collected money. The insurance company paid far more compensated money than the insured money， and the insurance company could well understand and provide timely compensation. After one year of operation， the insurance system worked well， and it met the satisfactions of tobacco farmers， government and the tobacco department. Since 2012， fluecured tobacco planting insurance has been put into full promotion in 6 tobacco planting counties in Qianxinan Prefecture. Functions of practicing tobacco planting insurance
The current fluecured tobacco planting industry has become largescale and professional. Judging from the current situation in Qianxinan Prefecture， fluecured tobacco planting industry is concerned with industrial poverty alleviation， income increase of tobacco farmers and government taxation. Therefore， the implementation of fluecured tobacco planting insurance plays an important role in promoting the development of fluecured tobacco industry， increasing the income of tobacco farmers and government tax revenue in Qianxinan Prefecture.
Safeguarding income of tobacco farmers
The meteorological data in 54 consecutive years showed that the occurrence rate of drought in Qianxinan Prefecture is 89%， including 19% of severe drought， 48% for moderate drought， and 22% for mild drought. During the spring drought period， the heavy drought lasting for more than 35 d appears every 4-5 years， but the mild drought lasting for 15-35 d appears almost every 2 years. Tobacco production requires large amount of materials and labor input， so the tobacco farmers suffer great losses once there are extreme weathers or serious pests and diseases. Adhering to the principle of "supporting before production， serving during production and insuring after production"， the Tobacco Company of Qianxinan Prefecture builds up a comprehensive supporting system for tobacco farmers to increase their income， reducing burdens and risks for farmers. In 2011， Qianxinan Prefecture suffered from a severe drought， with an affected area of 218 000 hm 2， involved with 22 975 affected households， and a total sum of 89 193 600 Yuan was input to help the farmers overcome difficulties. Since 2007， Guizhou Tobacco Co.， Ltd. has made cooperation with the meteorological department to build the disaster prevention and mitigation system for tobacco production throughout Guizhou Province， including establishing a monitoring and evaluation system for meteorological disasters in tobacco production and investing in building hail prevention facilities in the tobacco producing areas. The establishment and improvement of the tobacco planting insurance system ensures the actual income of tobacco farmers.
Increasing planting scale of tobacco farmers
Tobacco farmers are poor in resisting resist natural disasters. Tobacco planting insurance can help tobacco farmers reduce economic losses， resume production as soon as possible， and stabilize the income of tobacco farmers. It can effectively curb the situation of "disastercaused poverty， disastercaused povertyreturning"， effectively consolidating the effectiveness of the industrial poverty alleviation. As shown in Table 1， the planting area of fluecured tobacco became larger and larger in 2014-2016 in Qianxinan Prefecture， and the corresponding investment in materials and labor also became greater， which increased the risk of investment and aggravated the concerns of farmers on the yield. Fluetobacco planting insurance can relieve farmers from the fear of attacks from behind， making the farmers feel relieved to expand the planting scale to increase income. Increasing local fiscal revenue
Compared with the help from tobacco companies or government， fluecured tobacco planting insurance can mobilize multiple social forces to share the risk of fluecured tobacco planting through maketization operations， and reduce the financial burdens of the government tobacco companies and tobacco farmers in dealing with natural disasters. Therefore， it is more conducive to the fluecured tobacco industry， and favorable for stabilizing tobacco taxation， which can raise local fiscal revenue and promote the economic development in local communities， especially in rural areas.
Existing Problems in Fluecured Tobacco Planting Insurance
New type of insurance， requiring improvement in business service level
As a new type of insurance， and an agricultural insurance， it has high degree of dependence on the climatic conditions of the year. When extreme natural disasters occur， the number of affected households is large and the area affected by the disaster is wide. Therefore， it is necessary to carry out claim verifications in a timely manner. The quality of insurance service can be affected by factors like unfamiliar business， large amount of claims， and fast progress in claims. As shown in Table 2， the fluecured tobacco planting insurance involved with large volume of business in terms of compensated area， compensated number of households and compensated money in 2014-2016， and there was no rule for the occurrence， making it unable to make advanced preparations.
High risks， leading to weak willingness to accept insurance by the insurance company
As shown in Table 3， in 2014-2016， the insurance companies were in loss except for 2014. Subjected to the influences of climatic conditions， Qianxinan Prefecture sees frequent occurrences of natural disasters like spring drought， hail storm and flood. The high claim ratios and large amount of compensated money， as well as the high costs in the verification and settlement of claims make the insurance company unwilling to accept insurance.
Big controversy， resulting in differences in the understating of compensation standards
Fluecured tobacco is planted in large area， and the disasters occur irregularly， bringing great difficulties for the exploration， verification and settlement of fluecured tobacco planting insurance. When disaster occurred， the information between the insurance company and the tobacco farmers is seriously asymmetrical. The tobacco farmers have weak risk consciousness， and it is unable to control the ethics risks. Therefore， there are disputes in the definition of the damage degree and the compensated standards in the process of claim verification and settlement， and the insurance company is at great risks of being swindled. Suggestions and Countermeasures for Improving Fluecured Tobacco Planting Insurance
The tobacco department should further increase the propaganda of tobacco planting insurance to tobacco farmers， report to the local governments at all times， make timely communication with the insurance companies to increase cooperation， and strive for the active participation of the insurance company to increase the enlisting insurance rate of tobacco farmers.
Strengthening propaganda and guidance for tobacco farmers
Agricultural insurance has a tendency to reverse selection， and the years with good weather can spare farmers from disasters， which can weaken the willingness of farmers to insured in the future. Therefore， the tobacco department， the government， and the insurance company should strengthen publicity and guidance for tobacco farmers. First， the tobacco department should strengthen its propaganda efforts， and explain to farmers the advantages of tobacco planting insurance， so that farmers can truly feel the advantages and necessity of participating in fluecured tobacco planting insurance. Second， the insurance company should improve their business level， increase publicity and business consulting， explain the knowledge related with fluecured tobacco planting insurance to farmers， and enhance farmers recognition and understanding of fluecured tobacco planting insurance. Third， the tobacco department should link tobacco farmers participating in tobacco planting insurance to tobacco production support policies and tobacco production subsidies. Combining the classification and differentiated management of tobacco farmers， it can offer proper inclinations to the insured farmers when signing contracts of planting area， and it can consider sharing the insured money paid by farmers by cooperatives. All in all， a variety of effective ways can be used to guide farmers to cover insurance.
Motivating the enthusiasm of insurance companies
Fluecured tobacco planting insurance has high rate of compensation， which maintains at above 70% in Qianxinan Prefecture in recent years， greatly exceeding the breakeven point of the insurance company. The insurance company becomes unwilling to accept insurance due to the high costs in organization and management， high transaction costs， and high claim ratio. Tobacco companies have a large amount of other insurance business， and the property insurance of the tobacco industry is highquality insurance. Therefore， "paying insurance with insurance" can be considered， since it can motivate the enthusiasm of the insurance company by covering the fluecured tobacco planting insurance with other insurance types. Clarifying insurance content and expanding insurance coverage
The insurance content should be clearly defined in the following 3 aspects： insurance liability， damage standard， and compensation standard. At present， the main insurance for fluecured tobacco planting in Qianxinan Prefecture is mainly involved with severe disasters such as hail storm， windstorm and flood， which should reach a certain range to receive compensation. It is recommended to expand the insurance coverage and insurance liability by including drought， pests， diseases and low temperature and overcast weather in the insurance range， and lower the compensation standard. In recent years， according to the principle of "household planting， cooperative serving"， the tobacco industry takes an active part in carrying out professional services of seedling raising， machine farming， plant protection， fluecuring and grading， focusing on the development of comprehensive cooperative services for tobacco farmers， vigorously cultivating professional tobacco farmers， and actively promoting modernization construction of tobacco agriculture [3-4]. Fluecured tobacco planting insurance is one of the important insurances in agricultural insurances， which is of great significance to promote the construction of modern tobacco agriculture. Fluecured tobacco insurance can expand the insurance coverage as much as possible， and can be further expanded by adding tobacco leaf harvesting insurance， tobacco leaf fluecuring insurance， tobacco leaf storage and transportation insurance to protect professional services.
Striving for government policy support
In 2016， the No. 1 Central Document of China pointed out that agricultural insurance should be an important means to support agriculture， so it needed to expand the coverage of agricultural insurance， increase insurance varieties， and improve the level of insurance protection. Fluecured tobacco is the main source of township taxation in many areas. Therefore， it should strive to win the agreement of local government to increase the taxation figure， so as to reduce the economic burden and improve the enthusiasm of tobacco farmers in covering insurance.
Improving disaster prevention and mitigation system
While improving the fluecured tobacco planting insurance， it should continue to improve the disaster prevention and mitigation system. It should optimize the layout of the tobacco field and avoid the plots which are easy affected by disasters and diseases. Tobacco farmers should have their disaster prevention and disaster relief organization capability improved， and they should make good preparations to prevent disasters by "making high ridges and digging deep ditches". Technical guidance should be provided for tobacco farmers to strengthen their ability to tackle with common natural disasters. It should also improve the tobacco production service system， increase the number of hail suppression stations and enhance the accuracy of weather forecasting.
References
[1] LI HX， TANG YJ， MO JG， et al. Analysis of the climate resources affecting the production of high quality fluecured tobacco in Southwest Guizhou[J]. Culture with Planting， 2006（5）： 58-59.
[2] MA Y. Quality characteristics of tobacco leaves with special flavor in Southwest Guizhou and its related techniques[J]. Chinese Tobacco Science， 2007， 28（6）： 17-21.
[3] WANG F. Modern tobacco agriculture in the USA and its enlightenment[M]. Beijing： China Agriculture Press， 2009.
[4] DAI CZ， HE Y， YANG SJ， et al. On the development of tobacco farmers cooperatives[J]. Acta Tabacaria Sinica， 2012， 18（2）： 82-87.