导致第一次世界大战的三十年为那些从事于研究英格兰和威尔士刑法政策发展的人提出了新的挑战和时机。其中,正在出现的犯罪学这一学科,集中研究的是个人而不是犯罪,它们似乎许诺要更有效地解决刑法上传统的核心问题,如惯犯问题,而且还要针对处于刑法范围以外的社会所关注的问题进行探索。其结果是一连串广泛深入的调查和周密的立法活动, The three decades leading up to World War I set new challenges and opportunities for those engaged in the development of criminal law policies in England and Wales. Among them, the emerging science of criminology, which focuses on individuals rather than criminals, seems to promise a more effective solution to the traditional core issues of criminal law such as recidivism, but also to the social institutions outside the scope of criminal law Concerned about the issue to explore. The result is a series of extensive and in-depth investigations and careful legislative activities,