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目的分析元江县1995-2014年疟疾监测结果数据,为疟疾防治提供依据。方法收集元江县1995-2014年疟疾病例数、当地居民与流动人口发热患者血检数、居民带虫率、媒介种群密度等监测数据,并进行分析;其中病例诊断方法采用传统显微镜镜检法,媒介密度调查采用清晨人房或畜舍人工小时法,居民疟疾抗体水平测定采用间接荧光抗体试验。结果 1995-2014年,元江县共报告疟疾病例6 986例,其中1995年发病率最高(84.07/万,1 531例);共血检当地居民发热病例209 824例,阳性率为3.41%;共血检流动人口发热病例26 373例,阳性率为7.65%;开展居民原虫率调查51 540人,阳性率为1.56%;1997年疟疾间接荧光抗体阳性率为39.34%(769/1 955),2012年为0(0/320);微小按蚊自1995年后种群密度逐年迅速下降,与当地疟疾年发病曲线相吻合;中华按蚊1995-2002年种群密度也下降明显,但2002年之后逐渐升高。结论监测结果提示元江县今后仍需加强流动人口疟疾输入病例管理和媒介监测工作,以防止疟疾输入病例引起本地感染病例发生。
Objective To analyze the malaria surveillance data from 1995 to 2014 in Yuanjiang County and provide the basis for malaria control. Methods The data of malaria cases, blood samples from fellow residents and floating population with fever, resident worm and media population density were collected and analyzed from 1995 to 2014 in Yuanjiang County. The diagnostic methods of cases were analyzed by traditional microscopy, Media density survey using morning hut or barn artificial hour method, the residents of malaria antibody levels using indirect fluorescent antibody test. Results A total of 6 986 cases of malaria were reported in Yuanjiang County from 1995 to 2014, of which the highest was in 1995 (84.07% / 1 531 cases). A total of 209 824 cases of local blood fevers were detected in the blood samples, the positive rate was 3.41% 26 373 cases of fever were found in the floating population in the blood tests, with a positive rate of 7.65%. 51 540 individuals were surveyed with a positive rate of 1. 56%. The positive rate of indirect fluorescent antibodies to malaria in 1997 was 39.34% (769/1 955), 2012 (0/320). The population density of Anopheles stephens decreased rapidly year by year since 1995, which accorded with the annual incidence curve of malaria. The population density of Anopheles sinensis in 1995-2002 also decreased obviously, but gradually increased after 2002 high. Conclusions The monitoring results indicate that in the future, it is still necessary to strengthen the case management and media monitoring of malaria in migrants in the future in order to prevent the occurrence of local infections caused by imported cases of malaria.