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目的:了解河南省饮水型地方性氟中毒病区现状，为完善防控策略提供科学依据。方法:2018年，在河南省饮水型地方性氟中毒病区抽取10个县（区，简称县），每个县按照轻、中、重病情程度分层抽取3个病区村作为调查点，共30个村。监测每个村改水工程运转情况、水氟含量、8~12岁儿童氟斑牙患病情况。结果:共监测30个病区村，全部为改水村；共监测25个改水工程，均能正常运转，工程水氟超标率为28.00%（7/25），合格率为72.00%（18/25）。其中，21个村改水工程运转正常且水氟含量合格，8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为36.71%（606/1 651），氟斑牙指数为0.74，流行强度为极轻度；9个村改水工程运转正常但水氟含量超标，8~12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为43.57%（261/599），氟斑牙指数为0.78，流行强度为极轻度；改水工程水氟含量超标村儿童氟斑牙检出率高于改水工程水氟含量合格村（χn 2=8.752，n P < 0.01）。n 结论:河南省改水工程水氟含量超标现象依然严重，氟中毒危害仍然较重。应加强改水工程建设的科学论证和竣工时工程验收，杜绝不合格工程投入使用；坚持定期开展水质监测，对水质超标工程及时进行整改。“,”Objective:To understand the status of drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis in Henan Province, so as to provide scientific basis for improving prevention and control strategies.Methods:Ten counties (districts, referred to as counties) were selected from drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Henan Province in 2018. Three villages in each project county were selected according to the disease status of mild, moderate and severe conditions, and the operation status of water improvement projects, water fluoride content and dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years in each diseased village were monitored.Results:Totally 30 villages were surveyed, all of which were in the water improvement projects; a total of 25 water improvement projects were monitored, all of them were in normal operation, and the water fluoride exceeding standard rate was 28.00% (7/25), the qualified rate of water fluoride in the water improvement projects was 72.00% (18/25). Among them, 21 villages were in normal operation and the water fluoride in the water improvement projects met national standard. In which the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years was 36.71% (606/1 651), the index of dental fluorosis was 0.74, and the epidemic intensity was extremely mild. Water fluoride of water improvement projects in 9 villages exceeded the national standard, where the detection rate of dental fluorosis among children aged 8 to 12 years was 43.57% (261/599), the index of dental fluorosis was 0.78, and the epidemic intensity was extremely mild. The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in the villages where the water fluoride of water improvement projects exceeded the national standard was higher than that in the villages where the water fluoride of water improvement projects met the national standard (χn 2=8.752, n P < 0.01).n Conclusions:The excessive fluorine content in the water of water improvement projects is still serious, and the epidemic is still severe. It is necessary to strengthen the scientific demonstration of the water improvement project construction and the project acceptance upon completion, so as to prevent unqualified projects from being put into use. We will carry out regular water quality monitoring and promptly rectify projects with water quality exceeding the standards.