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去年冬天,我第3次去遵义地区调查了解仡佬语的情况,在地区和县民委的大力协助下,在遵义县平正仡佬族乡的田坝村寻访到83岁高龄的李朝品老人,记录了一份难得的、全地区唯一的仡佬语材料。虽然我在《贵州遵义地区仡佬语概述》（《贵州民族研究》1993年第3期）一文中作了粗略的介绍,但由于篇幅的限制,还有几个语法方面较重要的问题没有提及。加之拙著《仡佬语研究》一书已经付印,不可能再增入这方面的内容。为了使行将消亡的仡佬语中哪怕是点滴的原始材料不至于散失,故有必要补此短文,供有关学科的研究人员参考、对比。 田坝仡佬语虽属仡佬语黔中北方言第一土语,但它在方言内部独具若干特点。如最突出的是保留了由塞音P、K和鼻音m与边音l组成复辅音pl、kl、ml等,这是本方言中其他土语所没有的语音现象。在复辅音分化的规律上,它与黔中方言区安顺县弯子寨的话相近似;在人称代词的“双轨制”现象方面,它与黔中方言区平坝县大狗场的话相近似;在发语词的使用和功能方面,它又与黔西南方言区六枝特区居都寨的话相近似。这就说明遵义县田坝仡佬语对研究仡佬语内部方言、土语的划分和对比以及与同语群语言对比研究都有重要的现实意义。 下面简略地谈谈田坝仡佬语否定副词的使用以及发语词的特征。
Last winter, I went to Zunyi for the third time to investigate and understand the situation of the Milo language. With the help of the district and county party committees, I interviewed the 83-year-old Li Chao-pin from Tianba Village, Pingzheng Gelao Township, Zunyi County. A rare, all-you-can-mantra language. Although I gave a rough introduction in the article “Overview of the Gelao Language in Zunyi District, Guizhou Province” (Guizhou Ethnic Studies, No.3, 1993), due to space constraints, there are several more important grammatical problems that are not mentioned . Coupled with my book “Gelao language research,” a book has been printed, it is impossible to add this content. In order to enable the demise of grunts, even if it is bit by bit raw materials will not be lost, it is necessary to make up this essay for reference and comparison of the researchers in the relevant disciplines. Tianba Gelao language, although it is Gelao language Guizhou dialect first dialect, but it has several unique features within the dialect. Such as the most prominent is retained by the plug P, K and nasal m and edge sound l complex consonants pl, kl, ml, etc., which is dialect other languages do not have the voice phenomenon. In the law of complex consonant differentiation, it is similar to that of Beizhai Village, Anshun County, in the dialect area of central Guizhou Province. When it comes to the double track system of personal pronouns, it is similar to that of Pingu County, Guizhou dialect. The use of words and functions, it and the southwestern dialect of Guizhou Qianjiang six Habitat Walled words are similar. This shows that the Tianba Gelao language in Zunyi County is of great practical significance for the study of the internal dialect, the division and contrast of the Turkish language and the comparison with the language of the same language group. The following briefly talk about the Tianba Gelao negation adverbs use and the characteristics of hair words.