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河口滨海区的水体是由组成和性质显著不同的河水和海水混合而成的。在河口区河水和海水的混合作用是复杂的动力学过程。在这一过程中还伴随着其他化学过程、物理化学过程和地质过程。诸如由于水质条件的剧变所引起的难溶物的沉淀作用,胶体和悬浮物的聚沉作用,各种固相与溶解成份之间的交换吸附与沉积作用以及气体交换作用等。因此,河口区混合水体所含物质的组成不仅与河水和海水的化学组成以及江河流量、涌入河口的海水量、河口的地形地貌、沿岸的地质、潮汐过程和气象等外界环境条件有关,也与伴随着混合过程而产生的许多复杂的化学、物理化学过程密切相关。这些过程尤其对混合水体中的微量元素的迁移及溶解气体的分布变化有显著的影响。
The estuarine water area is composed of a mixture of river and sea water, which have significant differences in composition and nature. The mixed action of river and sea water in the estuary area is a complex kinetic process. In this process is accompanied by other chemical processes, physical and chemical processes and geological processes. Such as sedimentation of insoluble materials due to drastic changes in water quality conditions, coagulation and sedimentation of colloids and suspensions, exchange adsorption and deposition between various solid and dissolved components, and gas exchange. Therefore, the composition of the mixed water body in estuarine area is not only related to the chemical composition of rivers and sea water, but also to the environmental conditions such as the flow of rivers, the amount of water flowing into estuaries, the topography of estuaries, the geology, tidal processes and meteorology along the coasts. It is closely related to many complex chemical and physico-chemical processes that accompany the mixing process. In particular, these processes have a significant impact on the migration of trace elements and the distribution of dissolved gases in the mixed water.