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Background Blood pressure variability (BPV) is a reliable prognostic factor for cardiovascular events.Currently there is a worldwide lack of large sample size studies in visit-to-visit BPV.Based on the Kailuan Study,we analyzed the visit-to-visit BPV of patients to investigate the range and influencing factors of BPV.Methods In 11 hospitals in the Kailuan Company,4 441 patients received routine health checkups.Physical examination measured blood pressure (BP),body height,body weight,and waist circumference,and body mass index was calculated.Blood samples were analyzed for plasma total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),fasting blood glucose (FBG),and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP).Results The effect of gender on systolic BPV was investigated.The average systolic BPV was 10.35 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) overall,10.54 mmHg in males and 10.06 mmHg in females.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the age (RR=1.022),systolic BP (SBP,RR=1.007),LDL-C (RR=1.098),and history of hypertension (RR=-1.273) were significant risk factors for higher systolic BPV.We found that aging (RR=1.022),increased SBP (RR=1.007),and a history of hypertension (RR=1.394) were determinants of systolic BPV in males.The risk factors for systolic BPV of females were aging (RR=1.017),increased SBP (RR=1.009),increased LDL (RR=1.136),and increased TG (RR=1.157).Conclusion Our findings indicated that the systolic BPV is closely associated with age,SBP and history of hypertension.