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精子变形是一个复杂的细胞分化和形态学变化过程,顶体形成是其中的一个步骤。顶体是精子头部的重要组成部分,其形成过程包含4个阶段:高尔基体阶段、顶帽阶段、顶体和成熟阶段,其每一步都受多种基因调控。高尔基体阶段的调控基因有GOPC、Hrb、SPATA16、PICK1、CK2α’等,顶帽阶段的调控基因有Fads2、syntaxin 2、Kdm3a及UBR7等;顶体及成熟阶段的调控基因有KIFC1、Rnf19a及DPY19L2等。这些基因的异常会影响核致密层以及顶体锚定体盘与核膜之间的连接,囊泡的融合及运输,最终影响男性的生育能力。本文着重对顶体形成各阶段相关基因的研究进展进行了综述。
Sperm deformation is a complex process of cell differentiation and morphological changes, acrosome formation is one of the steps. The acrosome is an important part of the sperm head. Its formation involves four stages: the Golgi stage, the cap stage, the acrosome and the maturation stage, each of which is regulated by a variety of genes. The genes involved in the Golgi apparatus include GOPC, Hrb, SPATA16, PICK1, CK2α and so on. The genes controlling the top hat are Fads2, syntaxin 2, Kdm3a and UBR7. The genes regulating the acrosome and maturation include KIFC1, Rnf19a and DPY19L2 Wait. Abnormalities in these genes can affect the nuclear dense layer and the connection between the acrosomal anchorage disk and the nuclear membrane, the fusion and trafficking of vesicles, and ultimately the male fertility. This article focuses on the research progress of related genes in various stages of acrosome formation.