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严复将孟德斯鸠的自由划分为“国群自由”与“小己自由”,大致与“社会自由”与“小己(个人)自由”相似。但是仔细分析起来,其中存在不少“异化”的成分。就“国群”来说,它转译的是如下英文词汇:po-litical,civicorsocial,community,society等。如果反过来看就有意思了,因为含有“群”之意的英文词汇大致有:bevy,cluster,flock,gang,group,horde,swarm,troop等。这个“群”,经常是指没有组织的“乌合之众”。就“小己”来看,它对译的是individual、subject等。事实上,subject译为“臣民”或“臣属”才是比较恰当的,当然也可以译为中性的词“国民”。此外,individual很多时候被译为“特操”。除了“国群”之说外,还有“人群”、“民群”、“群理”等;除了“小己”外,还有“箇人”、“一民”、“行己”等。由此看来,严复用心良苦地希望为中国社会传播自由思想之火种,却往往给“自由”涂抹上别样的色彩。
Yan Fu divided the freedom of Montesquieu into “freedom of national group” and “minor freedom,” roughly similar to “freedom of the community” and “freedom of the individual.” However, careful analysis, there are many “alienation” of the ingredients. For “nationalities,” it translates into the following English words: po-litical, civicorsocial, community, society, etc. If the reverse is interesting, because the meaning of the word “group” of the English words roughly: bevy, cluster, flock, gang, group, horde, swarm, troop and so on. This “group” often refers to an unorganized “crowded people.” On the “small self” point of view, it is the translation of the individual, subject and so on. In fact, it is more appropriate to translate “subject” or “subordinate” to the subject, which can of course be translated as the neutral “national”. In addition, individuals are often translated as “special operations.” In addition to the “national group” theory, there are also “people”, “people” and “group management.” In addition to “small self”, there are also “people”, “one people” and “one’s own will” . From this, Yan tried hard to hope for the spread of freedom in Chinese society, the kind of fire, but often to “freedom” painted a different kind of color.