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中国的铁路行业长期实行的是政府直接投资、垄断经营的规制体制,但是由于规制体制的不健全以及规制机构和被规制企业之间的信息不对称,使得该行业存在着社会福利损失、政府规制失灵等问题。在技术进步、需求增长、管理成本上升、替代性竞争存在的情况下,铁路行业引入竞争机制成为可能。区分自然垄断业务和非自然垄断业务,实现“网运分离”则是中国铁路行业引入竞争机制的必由之路。
Long-term implementation by China’s railway industry is the government’s direct investment and monopoly management system. However, due to the imperfect regulatory system and the asymmetric information between regulatory agencies and regulated enterprises, there is social welfare loss and government regulation Failure and other issues. Under the circumstance of technological progress, demand growth, rising management costs and alternative competition, it is possible to introduce a competition mechanism into the railway industry. The distinction between natural monopoly business and non-natural monopoly business, to achieve “separation of transportation and network ” is the only way for China’s railway industry to introduce a competition mechanism.