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目的：探讨臀中皮神经与臀骶部的关系。方法：对３０具成尸标本的臀中皮神经的组成、走行及毗邻关系进行了观测。结果：①该神经由骶神经后外侧支组成，由Ｓ１＋Ｓ２组成的占３２．６％，Ｓ２＋Ｓ３组成的占３０．３％；②臀中皮神经走行于骶髂关节背面；③穿经骶髂后长韧带，韧带形成长１．５±０．３ｃｍ的隧道；④多出隧道后该神经分为２～３支穿经臀大肌内侧缘至皮下。结论：臀中皮神经走行迂曲，四周均为韧带结构，损伤、退变等情况下易使之受到卡压而产生臀骶部疼痛，是臀中皮神经卡压综合征的解剖学基础。
Objective: To investigate the relationship between the gluteal cutaneous nerve and the hip and sacral region. Methods: The composition, course and adjacent relationship of the gluteal cutaneous nerve in 30 corpse specimens were observed. Results: ①The nerve consisted of posterolateral branches of sacral nerve, accounting for 32.6% of S1 + S2 and 30.3% of S2 + S3. ②Nerve-mesothelial nerves running on the back of sacroiliac joint; ③After passing through sacroiliac Long ligament, ligament formation of 1.5 ± 0.3cm long tunnel; ④ more tunnels after the nerve is divided into 2 to 3 through the medial edge of the gluteus maximus to subcutaneous. CONCLUSIONS: The medial buttocks nerve is tortuous, and ligaments are all around. Injuries, degeneration and so on are easily caused by the compression of the buttocks and sacral sac. It is the anatomic basis of the gluteal nerve entrapment syndrome.