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源于英国、盛于美国的现代观护制度规定,凡具有改恶从善的初犯、少年犯或者其他罪犯,均适用观护法规。出于对未成年人的保护,自2004年起,在上海开始实行青少年观护制度,而上海市的闵行区是最先实行的。本文的研究对象正是这些观护青少年,通过对青少年社会支持系统的描述及分析,来研究观护青少年的社会支持系统在观护期间是如何变化的,以及对观护青少年的行为表现有何种影响,对观护青少年的社会支持系统和青少年在观护期的行为表现的相关性进行尝试性的解释。本研究认为,在观护期间,青少年得到的社会支持系统有所增加,主要是情感性支持和工具性支持的增加。情感性支持主要来源于家人、朋辈群体和亲戚,其中家人的情感性支持对再犯罪的预防起到最重要的作用。工具性支持的主要来源是亲戚和社工,对预防犯罪也起到一定的作用。而青少年主体对社会支持的理解和态度会制约或者促进社会支持系统对犯罪预防的作用发挥。
The modern protection system originating from the United Kingdom and Sheng in the United States provides that all law-abiding laws and regulations are applicable to any first-time offender, juvenile delinquere or other criminal who has the right to change evil. Out of the protection of minors, since 2004, the system of adolescent care has been implemented in Shanghai, while Shanghai’s Minhang District was the first to be implemented. The research object of this paper is precisely these adolescents who are concerned with adolescents. Through the description and analysis of adolescent social support systems, we study how the adolescent social support system changes during adolescents’ care and how they behave The impact of this trial is tentatively explained by the relevance of the social support system for adolescents and adolescents in the performance of their care. This study argues that the number of adolescents receiving social support systems has increased during the period of care, mainly due to the increase in emotional support and instrumental support. Emotional support comes mainly from family members, peer groups and relatives, of which the emotional support of family members play the most important role in the prevention of recidivism. The main sources of instrumental support are relatives and social workers, which also play a role in crime prevention. However, the understanding and attitude of adolescents to social support will restrict or promote the role of social support system in crime prevention.