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目的了解2014年兰州市中小学生营养和贫血现状,分析学生贫血发生规律。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,采用统一工具和规范对兰州市4200名中小学生进行身高、体重和血红蛋白的测量,对所获资料进行统计学分析。结果 2014年兰州市中小学生消瘦、超重和肥胖的检出率依次为14.0%、9.5%和4.2%;贫血总检出率为6.9%,城市(9.7%)高于乡村(4.2%)(χ~2=16.41,P<0.001);男生超重检出率(11.9%)与肥胖检出率(5.4%)均高于女生(超重检出率为7.1%,肥胖检出率为3.0%),存在性别间差异(χ_(超重)~2=20.06,P<0.001;χ_(肥胖)~2=15.83,P<0.001)。2014年兰州市城市男生贫血患病率比2010年升高了1.2%,其余城乡学生均下降。结论兰州城市学生营养过剩情况比乡村严重,城市男生贫血状况亟需改善。
Objective To understand the nutrition and anemia status of primary and secondary school students in Lanzhou City in 2014 and analyze the rules of students’ anemia. Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to measure the height, weight and hemoglobin of 4200 primary and secondary school students in Lanzhou City using unified tools and norms. The data were statistically analyzed. Results The prevalence rates of weight loss, overweight and obesity in primary and secondary school students in Lanzhou in 2014 were 14.0%, 9.5% and 4.2% respectively. The total detection rate of anemia was 6.9% and that of urban areas was 9.7% ~ 2 = 16.41, P <0.001). The overweight detection rate (11.9%) and obesity (5.4%) were higher in boys than in girls (7.1% for overweight and 3.0% for obesity) There were gender differences (χ_ (overweight) ~ 2 = 20.06, P <0.001; χ_ (obesity) ~ 2 = 15.83, P <0.001). In 2014, the prevalence of anemia among urban boys in Lanzhou increased by 1.2% compared with that in 2010, and the remaining urban and rural students dropped. Conclusion Lanzhou urban students have more serious overnutrition than rural areas, and urban boys need to improve their anemia.