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甲午战争之后,随着“东学”的兴起,使得“新学”内部又分化成“西学”与“东学”两种势力。前者主张直接从欧美摄取西洋文明;而后者鼓吹以明治维新为样板,由日本间接吸收西方文化。虽然双方共同致力于传播启蒙思想,但在对于西方文化的基本认识方面,还存在着不少意见分歧与门户之见。清末民初,“西学”大师严复与“东学”巨擘梁启超之间所展开的数次思想交锋,在客观上促进了近代中国自由主义思潮的成熟与发展。
After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, with the rise of “East Learning ”, the internal division of “New Learning ” was further divided into two kinds of forces: “Western Learning ” and “East Learning ”. The former advocates the direct acquisition of Western civilization from Europe and the United States. The latter advocates the reform of the Meiji Restoration model, and indirectly absorbs Western culture from Japan. Although both sides work together to disseminate enlightenment ideas, there are still many differences of opinion and opinions about the basic understanding of western culture. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, several ideological clashes between Yan Fu, the master of Western Learning, and Liang Qichao, the magnate of East Learning, promoted the maturity and development of modern Chinese liberalism objectively.