从本世纪70年代后期开始,尤其是进入80年代以来,一个世界范围的改革调整潮流正在兴起。汇入这场改革调整潮流的有苏联和东欧的大多数社会主义国家,有美国和西方发达资本主义国家,同样也包括了一部分“新兴工业化国家和地区”以及大批“低收入的发展中国家”。各种不同社会制度和 Since the late 1970s, especially since the 1980s, a worldwide trend of reform and adjustment is on the rise. The majority of socialist countries with the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe importing this reform and adjustment trend have the developed capitalist countries of the United States and the West as well as a part of “newly industrialized countries and regions” and a large number of “low-income developing countries” . Various social systems and