公共行政的工具性推理是在科学管理主义思潮、价值中立原则和理性官僚制理论影响下,形成的一种说明性的演绎思维模式和决策方法,期望可以通过科学与理性建立起来的推理工具来解决一切政策问题。然而,工具性推理的局限性决定了其“理性设计”与行政实践之间的差异性,使得这种理性方法无法适应不断发展的公共行政的需要、不能解决行政实践中存在的紧张与冲突。公共行政决策与法律推理一样,具有实践理性的特征,学习与借鉴法律实质推理为公共行政问题的解决提供了可供选择的思考与推理路径。公共行政领域实质性推理的兴起说明公共行政研究与实践必须包含价值理性,公共行政决策过程是工具性推理与实质性推理有机统一的过程。 The instrumental reasoning of public administration is an illustrative mode of deductive thinking and decision making under the influence of the scientific managementism, the principle of value neutrality and the theory of rational bureaucracy. Expectations can be deduced through the reasoning tools established by science and rationality Solve all policy issues. However, the limitation of instrumental reasoning determines the discrepancy between its “rational design” and administrative practice, making it impossible to meet the needs of the evolving public administration and the tensions in administrative practice conflict. Public administration decision-making, like legal reasoning, has the characteristics of practical rationality. Learning and borrowing the legal substantive reasoning provides the alternative path of thinking and reasoning for the solution of public administration problems. The rise of substantive reasoning in the field of public administration shows that the research and practice of public administration must include value rationality, and the decision-making process of public administration is the process of organically unifying instrumental reasoning and substantive reasoning.