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人胚胎干细胞(hES细胞)是来源于着床前人囊胚内细胞团的、具有自我更新能力和分化全能性的细胞。由于具有体外无限增殖和分化成三个胚层来源的各种细胞的潜能,hES细胞具有重要的科学意义和巨大的医学应用价值。目前,hES细胞常规体外培养技术多采用培养基与饲养层相结合的方法,但常规方法存在异源病原体污染的可能。近年来,优化hES细胞体外培养体系的研究取得较大进展,现就饲养层、无饲养层培养体系进行综述,分析目前在维持hES细胞未分化状态的优化培养研究中取得的新进展和存在的问题。
Human embryonic stem cells (hES cells) are cells that have self-renewal ability and pluripotency derived from the cell population of human blastocyst before implantation. Due to its potential to proliferate indefinitely in vitro and differentiate into various germ-derived cells, hES cells have important scientific implications and great medical applications. At present, conventional in vitro culture of hES cells mostly uses a combination of culture medium and feeder layer, but conventional methods have the possibility of contamination with heterologous pathogens. In recent years, great progress has been made in optimizing the in vitro culture system of hES cells. The current research on the feeder layer and feeder-free culture systems is reviewed. The current advances in the field of optimized culture for maintaining the undifferentiated state of hES cells and the existing problem.