蔡元培的辞职及由此引发的“挽蔡”斗争,是“五四”运动中的重要插曲。这一事件中除了反抗北京政府这个大题目外,还掺杂着当时教育界复杂的人事关系。蔡元培辞职、复职问题一波三折,且各方均试图对此施加影响,以形成对己有利的局面,但真正能够直接影响其决策的主要是汤尔和、马叙伦和江苏省教育会的黄炎培、蒋梦麟等人。相比而言,沈尹默、胡适等人对蔡元培在出处等重大问题上的影响力则要小得多。最终,汤尔和等人主导的“留蔡助蒋”方案得以实现,对此后北大历史的发展至关重要。 The resignation of Cai Yuanpei and the “” pull-out “struggle led to it are the important episodes in the May Fourth Movement. In addition to resisting the big issue of the Beijing government, this incident also doubles with the complicated personnel relations in education at that time. Cai Yuanpei’s resignation and reinstatement problems are twists and turns, and all parties are trying to exert influence on them to form a favorable situation for themselves. However, the main factors that can directly affect their decision-making are Jurt and Ma Xulun, Jiang Yanlin and other educators in Jiangsu Province people. In contrast, Shen Yinmo, Hu Shi and others have a much smaller influence on major issues such as Cai Yuanpei’s position of origin. Ultimately, Tang and others dominated the program of ”leaving Cai to help Chiang Kai-shek" to be realized. After that, the development of Peking University’s history was crucial.