梅洛—庞蒂以身体现象学思想闻名遐迩。在选择现象学研究方向以前,梅洛—庞蒂先行接受了存在主义与马克思主义相结合的理论视野。为进一步落实这二者的结合,他把青年马克思的人学辩证法、历史辩证法融入现象学,使现象学在更彻底的意义上突破胡塞尔的先验论,实现存在主义转向。身体主题是梅洛—庞蒂现象学区别于其他现象学的重要标志。在这里,“身体”隐喻地指向个别的此在与整全世界之间的辩证关系,它既是认识论概念,又是一个存在论概念,还是一个现实的社会历史概念。梅洛—庞蒂身体现象学之所以超越胡塞尔先验现象学,很大程度上得益于对马克思主义的吸收。 Merleau-Ponty is famous for her body phenomenological thinking. Before choosing the research direction of phenomenology, Merleau-Ponty accepted the theoretical vision of the combination of existentialism and Marxism. In order to further implement the combination of the two, he incorporated the human-Marxist dialectics of human studies and historical dialectics into phenomenology and made phenomenology break through Husserl’s a priori theory in a more thorough sense and realize the existentialist turn. The theme of the body is an important symbol that distinguishes Merleau-Ponty phenomenology from other phenomenologies. Here, metaphorically, “body” points to the dialectical relationship between individual and whole world. It is not only an epistemological concept but also an ontological concept or a realistic concept of social history. The reason that Merleau-Ponty’s body phenomenology transcends Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology is largely due to the absorption of Marxism.